TABLE 1.

Stakeholder Contributions and Activity by Group

Stakeholders	Contribution
Patient Stakeholders	Suggest ways to approach patients and caregivers during an ED visit, explain the study using lay language, and ensure clear expectations about follow–up to promote retention of study participants upon ED discharge.
	Advise on study design and materials to ensure all aspects are patient-centered and accessible to patients at home.
	Consider patient health literacy.
	Assist with refining protocols.
	Offer perspectives on how to design the study to accommodate for: health inequities in racial/ethnic minorities, health policy, consumer and senior issues, renal palliative care and caregiver support.
	Simulation training for research teams to strengthen recruitment and retention strategies.
Organizational Stakeholders	Develop and deploy communications, including activating local patient advocates, providers and payers to disseminate the results of the study through social media, community-based outreach and local academic partners.
	Ensure interventions are patient-centered.
	Consider patient health literacy.
Payer Stakeholders	Offer suggestions in study design.
	Provide input in the design of the nurse-led telephonic case management intervention based on the previous success of the program.
	Assist in the creation of program materials and nurse protocol.
	Provide payer expertise.

ED indicates emergency department.