Table 2.
Significant clinical findings on the effects of GLP-1R activation on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure.
| Trial number | Population of study | Used drug(s) | Effects on vascular function and BP | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | 30 patients with T1DM | GLP-1 infusion | Improves endothelial function, no significant effects on BP | [59] |
| NCT01859793 | 38 patients with T2DM | Sitagliptin | No significant effects on BP | [63] |
| UMIN000017770 | 60 patients with T2DM | Liraglutide and lixisenatide | Increase in HR and BP | [66] |
| NIHMS360699 | 24 patients with metabolic syndrome | Sitagliptin | Induces ANS (sympathetic) activity and increases BP | [88] |
| — | 76 patients with T2DM | Alogliptin | Reduced BP by improving renal sufficiency | [95] |
| NCT01580514 | 58 patients with T2DM and cardiac dysfunction | Exenatide | Diminishes pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and improved coronary blood flow | [98] |
| NTC00294723 | 746 patients with early T2DM | Liraglutide | Potentially reduces blood pressure after 52 weeks | [109] |
| NCT00331851 | 581 patients with T2DM | Liraglutide | Has no significant effects on systolic blood pressure | [110] |
| — | 929 patients with T2DM | Liraglutide | Reduced systolic blood pressure | [111] |
| NCT01333163 | 12 healthy young men | GLP-1 infusion | Declined angiotensin II and induces natriuresis | [102] |
| NCT01179048 | 9340 patients with T2DM | Liraglutide | Reduces the risk of cardiovascular disorders | [112] |
| NCT02465515 | 9463 patients with T2DM | Albiglutide | Diminishes the risk of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications | [113] |
| NCT01147250 | 6068 patients with T2DM | Lixisenatide | No significant effects on diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases | [114] |
| NCT01144338 | 14752 patients with T2DM | Exenatide | No significant effects on diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases | [115] |
| NCT01755572 | 22 hypertensive subjects with T2DM | Liraglutide | While inducing natriuresis, it had no significant effects on blood pressure | [99] |
| NCT01664676 | 11 male patients with T2DM | Liraglutide | Reduces blood pressure in the short term by suppressing RAS activity and renal protection | [101] |
| — | 11 subjects with T2DM | Liraglutide | Was unable to correct the abnormal elevation in nocturnal BP known to occur in patients with T2DM | [104] |
| NCT01720446 | 3297 patients with T2DM | Semaglutide | Reduces the risk of diabetes-induced cardiovascular problems | [116] |