Table 1.
Renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth
| Time duration | Region | Method | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990–2014 | 15 renewable consuming | Granger causality test | Growth |
| 1980–2015 | ASEAN-5 | Causality | Neutrality |
| 1980–2010 | Brazil | Vector error correction model | Growth |
| 1980–2012 | Sub-Saharan | Pairwise heterogeneous causality | Neutrality |
| 1980–2012 | 16 emerging economies | Bootstrap causality | Feedback growth and neutrality |
| 1980–2012 | BRICS | Panel error correction model | Conversation |
| 1971–2012 | India | Vector error correction model | Feedback |
| 1980–2010 | 34 OECD | Panel cointegration | Growth |
| 1990–2007 | 16 emerging countries | Panel error correction model | Feedback and growth |
| 1949–2006 | USA | Toda-Yamamoto causality method | Feedback, growth and neutrality |
| 1997–2015 | Pakistan | VECM | Growth and feedback |