Table 3.
Summary of FGF2 and EGF effects on human chronic perforation.
| Authors | Study object | Etiology | Study design | Size of perforation | Follow-up (months) | Treatment strategy | Closure rate | Closure time (weeks) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGF2 group | Control group | FGF2 group | Control group | FGF2 group | Control group | FGF2 group | Control group | |||||
| Hakuba et al. [47] (2003) | 14 adult | COM | Control study | 16.5% | 9.6% | 3 | FAS for 2 weeks | SAS for 2 weeks | 100% (9/9) | 40% (2/5) | 3.7 (2-6) | 3.6 (2-4) |
| Hakuba et al. [48] (2010) | 87 adult | 60 COM:7 VT:20 trauma | Observation study | 14.4% | 3 | FAS for 3 weeks | 92.0% (80/87) | 4.8 | ||||
| Kanemaru et al. [49] (2011) | 63 adult | COM | Randomized control trial. | 2/3 : >2/3 = 34 : 19 | <2/3 : >2/3 = 8 : 2 | 3 | FGF via GF for 3 weeks | Saline via GF | 98.1% (52/53) | 10.0% (1/10) | 41 (78.8%) within 3 | 12 |
| Hakuba et al. [50] (2013) | 116 adult | 77 COM:12 trauma:15 VT | Observation study | 50% : ≥50% = 98 : 18 | 12 | FAS for 3 weeks | 62% (73/116) | Unclear | ||||
| Acharya et al. [51] (2015) | 12 children | VT or COM | Prospective cohort study | 6-40% | 12 | FGF via Gel for 3 weeks | 58% (7/12) | 2-12 | ||||
| Hakuba et al. [52] (2015) | 153 adult | COM | Retrospective cohort study | 25% : 25 − 50% : >50% = 73 : 55 : 25 | 12 | FAS for 3 weeks | 66.0% (101/153) | 4.5 | ||||
| Omae et al. [53] (2017) | 10 adult | 5 COM:trauma | Prospective clinical trial | ≤1/3 : 1/3 − 2/3 = 8 : 2 | 3 | FGF via Gel for 4 weeks | 88.9% (8/9) | 57 days | ||||
| Santos et al. [54] (2020) | 54 adult | Trauma, COM, and unknown | Randomized controlled trial | 82.4% | 75 | 3 | FGF via Gel for 3 weeks | SGF for 3 weeks | 57.5%(23/40) | 71.4% (10/14) | 14 in one, 8 in 2, and 1 in 3 | 4 in one, 5 in 2, and 1 in 3 |
| Ramsay et al. [55] (1995) | 17 adult | 1 traumatic and 16 COM | Double-blind randomized control trial | Unclear | Unclear | 2.6 | EGF via paper | PBS+paper | 0/8, size of perforation mean decrease 0.3% | 1/9, 2.7% | ||
FAS: bFGF via atelocollagen and sealed by silicon layer; SAS: saline via atelocollagen and sealed by silicon layer; FGF: FGF-2 via gelatin sponge and sealed by fibrin glue; GF: gelatin sponge and fibrin glue. COM: chronic otitis media; VT: ventilation tube; Gel: gelatin sponge.