Table 4.
The dose- and starting time-dependent effect of growth factors on the eardrum healing.
| Authors | Study object | Study design | Size of perforation | Follow-up (months) | Growth factors | Dosage | Application time | Closure rate | Mean closure time (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mondain et al. [60] (1991) | Sprague Dawley rats-acute | FGF-2 | 2000 ng, 400 ng or 200 ng vs. saline | 100% with 3.16 days in 2000 ng FGF2; 12/15 with 6.1 days in 400 ng; 9/15 with 6.3 days in 200 ng; 3/15 with 8.86 days in saline alone | |||||
| Lou et al. [35] (2015) | Human-acute | Prospective clinical study | 25% of TM | 6 months | FGF-2 | The durations of ≤3 vs. >3 days | 96.6% (28/29) vs. 100% (17/17) | 17.5 ± 5.1 vs. 8.5 ± 2.1 | |
| Lou et al. [66] (2014) | Human-acute | Prospective clinical study | 25% of TM | 3 months | FGF-2 | 0.1-0.15 ml vs. 0.25-0.3 ml | 92% vs. 100% | 11.8 ± 4.7 vs. 15.1 ± 6.1 | |
| Lou et al. [45] (2019) | Human-acute | Prospective clinical study | 25% of TM | 6 months | EGF | 0.1-0.15 ml vs. 0.25-0.3 ml | 93.3% vs. 89.1% | 10.20 ± 5.13 vs. 14.39 ± 6.20 | |
| The durations of ≤3 vs. >3 days | 90.2% vs. 93.3% | 13.15 ± 5.80 vs. 11.25 ± 7.15 |
FGF2: fibroblast growth factor-2; EGF: epidermal growth factor; TM: tympanic membrane.