Table 1.

Study Characteristics

Citation	Design	N	Setting	Complex Health Need
Alegría, 201937	RCT	I: 153 C: 154	MA, NY, FL, Puerto Rico (Community)	Disability: Depression or anxiety plus minor-moderate disability (SPPB)
Dye, 201838	Quasi-exp	I: 33 C: 36	Rural Oconee County, SC (Community)	High-utilization: High ED-utilizing county; multiple chronic conditions in most participants
Geffen, 201939	Quasi-exp (+ qual)	212	Peri-urban suburb, South Africa (Community)	Multimorbidity: At least 2 listed physical or psychosocial conditions
Lawn, 201740	Qual	10 older adults 24 support workers 8 coordinators	Metro and rural South Australia (Community)	High-utilization: Frequent users of hospital/acute care due to comorbidities, psychosocial complexities
Li, 201941	Qual (within parent RCT)	16 village doctors 16 aging workers 6 psychiatrists	Rural China (PC)	Multimorbidity: Comorbid hypertension and depression
Panagioti, 201842	RCT (Trial w/in Cohort)	I: 504a C: 802	Northwest England (Community; PC recruitment)	Multimorbidity: At least 2 self-reported long-term conditions
Russell, 201743,b	Quasi-exp (+ qual)	34 older adults 23 HHAs	Urban NY (Community)	Frailty: Dual Medicare and Medicaid recipients (described as frail)
Walters, 201744	Pilot RCT (+ qual)	I: 26 C: 25	Urban, semi-rural UK (Community; PC recruitment)	Frailty: Mild frailty (Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale)
Wang, 201345	Pilot RCT	I: 30 C: 32	Rural Taiwan (Community; PC recruitment)	Multimorbidity: At least 2 chronic illnesses

Abbreviations: C, control; ED, emergency department; HHA, home health aide; I, intervention; PC, primary care; Qual, qualitative; Quasi-exp, quasi-experimental; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.

^aIn this Trials within Cohorts design, 504 participants were randomized to the treatment group, but only 207 consented to the intervention.

^bOnly 1 of the 2 described interventions in this article met criteria for this systematic review.