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. 2021 Jul 7;16(7):e0254197. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254197

Table 1. Ungdata Survey 2018: Questions, response alternatives and variable definitions.

Questions Response alternatives Variable definitions
Symptoms of depression
During the past week, have you been affected by any of the following issues:
Felt that everything is a struggle (item 1) Not been affected at all, not been affected much, been affected quite a lot and been affected a great deal. Symptoms of depression ≥ 80th percentiles
Had sleep problems (item 2)
Felt unhappy, sad or depressed (item 3)
Felt hopelessness about the future (item 4)
Felt stiff or tense (item 5)
Worried too much about things (item 6)
Social media use
Think about what you do a normal day: How much time do you spend on the following things: No time, < 30 minutes, 30 minutes—1 hour, 1–2 hours, 2–3 hours, < 3 hours ≤ 3 hours per day, > 3 hours per day
Social media (facebook, Instagram etc.)
Gaming on computer/TV, telephone/tablets
Think about what you do a normal day: How much time do you spend on the following things: No time, < 30 minutes, 30 minutes—1 hour, 1–2 hours, 2–3 hours, < 3 hours Gaming,: ≤ 3 hours per day, > 3 hours per day
gaming on computer/TV?
Friends
Do you have at least one friend who you trust completely and who you can tell absolutely anything? Yes definitely, yes I think so, I don´t think so and I have nobody I would call close online friends at the moment Yes, no
Gender
Are you a boy or a girl? Boy, girl
Smoking
Do you smoke? I’ve never smoked, I used to smoke but I’ve stopped completely now, I smoke less than once a week, I smoke every week but not every day and I smoke every day. No smoking, smoking
Parents’ higher education
Did your father and mother go to university or to a university college? Select one answer for each parent. If you are not in touch with one or both of your parents, then skip the question about that parent. Yes, no Both parents, One of the parents, None of the parents
Family economy
Financially, has your family been well off, or badly off, over the past years? We have been well off the whole time, we have generally been well off, we have neither been well off nor badly off, we have generally been badly off, we have been badly off the whole time Good economy, neither bad nor good economy, bad economy