Table 1. Quality appraisal by study using modified CASP criteria.

	All Studies					Longitudinal Studies
Study	Was the sample adequate for examining the research question?	Was the exposure (chronic conditions) accurately measured to minimize bias?	Was the outcome (cognitive complaints) accurately measured to minimize bias?	Were confounding factors identified and appropriately addressed in the design and/or analysis?	Are the analyses adequate for answering the research questions(s)?	Was the follow-up period with participants long enough to answer the research question(s)?	Were strategies to address attrition sufficient?
Aarts et al. (2010)	✓	X	X	✓	✓
Almkvist et al. (2017)	✓	X	✓	X	✓
Argyropoulou et al. (2019)	X	X	✓	X	X
Asimakopoulou et al. (2002)	✓	X	✓	X	✓
Bassett et al. (1993)	✓	?	X	✓	✓
Begum et al. (2012)	✓	X	✓	✓	✓
Benito- León et al. (2010)	✓	?	X	✓	✓
Bruce et al. (2019)	✓	✓	X	✓	✓
Brunette et al. (2018)	✓	✓	✓	X	✓
Caracciolo et al. (2013)	✓	✓	X	✓	✓
Chen et al. (2014)	✓	X	X	X	✓
Coomjis et al. (2002)	✓	X	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Fischer et al. (2010)	X	?	✓	✓	✓
Gunstad et al. (2006)	X	✓	✓	X	X
Hao et al. (2019)	✓	X	X	X	X
Harwood et al. (2004)	✓	X	✓	✓	✓
Jorm et al. (2004)	✓	X	X	✓	✓
Kuiper et al. (2017)	✓	X	X	✓	✓	X	✓
Kyrscio et al. (2014)	✓	?	?	?	✓	✓	✓
Lee et al. (2020)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Lourenco et al. (2018)	✓	X	X	✓	✓
Matsuzawa et al. (2012)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Mewton et al. (2014)	✓	X	X	X	✓
Nguyen et al. (2016)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Pedro et al. (2016)	✓	X	X	X	✓
Peters et al. (2019)	✓	✓	X	?	✓	✓	?
Selnes et al. (2019)	✓	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	?
Shamshirgaran et al. (2019)	✓	X	X	✓	✓
Taylor et al. (2018)	✓	X	X	X	✓
Taylor et al. (2020)	✓	X	X	X	✓
Tun et al. (1987)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Uiterwijk et al. (2014)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
van den Kommer et al (2014)	✓	X	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Wessels et al. (2007)	✓	?	✓	✓	✓
Wong et al. (2012)	✓	✓	X	✓	✓
Yap et al. (2020)	✓	X	✓	✓	✓
Zhang et al. (2017)	?	X	X	✓	✓

Note. ✓ = Yes; X = No;? = Unable to determine based on information provided. Shaded cells indicate studies were cross-sectional. CASP = Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.