Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Parameters | COVID-19 with fatigue group | COVID-19 without fatigue group | Control group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 12 | N = 15 | N = 12 | ||
| Age (years) | 48 [12] | 39 [10] | 43 [9] | 0.085 |
| Female | 5 (41.7) | 9 (60.0) | 7 (58.3) | 0.594 |
| Hypertension | 2 (16.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.688 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.377 |
| Respiratory diseases | 2 (16.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.224 |
| Previous cardiovascular events | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Previous oxygen therapy#* | 2 (18.2) | 1 (7.1) | – | 0.399 |
| ICU hospitalization | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Neurological symptoms after COVID-19 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Cardiac damages after COVID-19 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Loss of taste and smell* | 6 (54.6) | 8 (53.3) | – | 0.951 |
| Weight before COVID-19 (kg)* | 85 [31] | 66 [28] | – | 0.062 |
| Weight at NoL test (kg) | 85 [37] | 63 [26] | 80 [21] | 0.101 |
| Height (m) | 1.75 [0.2] | 1.66 [0.1] | 1.76 [0.2] | 0.499 |
| BMI before COVID-19 (kg/m2)* | 26.4 [8.6] | 23.4 [6.9] | – | 0.229 |
| BMI at NoL test (kg/m2) | 25.2 [8.8] | 22.7 [5.9] | 25.0 [7.1] | 0.246 |
| Loss of weight (median %)* | 0 [9.3] | 0 [9.8] | – | 0.632 |
| HR (bpm) | 73 [17] | 70 [11] | 72 [22] | 0.708 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 [20] | 130 [33] | 121 [29] | 0.749 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 89 [12] | 70 [19] | 76 [22] | 0.056 |
| NIJMEGEN score* | 36 [15] | 20 [18] | – | 0.002 |
| PCL-5 score* | 31 [18] | 18 [19] | – | 0.001 |
| 30 s of up and down test* | 4 [3] | 5 [2] | – | 0.192 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 98 [3] | 98 [3] | 98 [2] | 0.663 |
| Duration from first symptoms of plong COVID-19 (months)* | 7.5 [1.7] | 7.0 [2.2] | – | 0.157 |
BMI: body mass index.
HR: heart rate.
SBP: systolic blood pressure.
DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
ICU: intensive care unit.
*Only comparison between “covid-19 participants with fatigue and covid-19 participants without fatigue”.
#Oxygen therapy was administrated through low-flow nasal cannula.
Categorical values were presented as number and percentage, continuous variables were presented as median and interquartile range (IQR).