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. 2021 Jul 7;11:14059. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93607-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean fluorescence intensity (ΔG MFI) of the expression of SA-βgal evaluated by flow cytometry in 2D compared to 3D-TGP at different durations of culture with 2D-cultured chondrocytes (evaluation I and II) showing higher levels of SA-βgal as culture, while the 3D-cultured cells (evaluation III and IV) showed very low levels of SA-βgal throughout the culture period. (A) Sample 1; (B) Sample 2 (FSC^(High)); (C) Sample 2 (FSC^(Low)); (D) Sample 3 (FSC^(High)); (E) Sample 3 (FSC^(Low)). I, II, III and IV denote the Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-βgal) evaluation time-points as described in Fig. 1.