Table 2.
Cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiopulmonary data.
| Variable | Young controls (n = 12) (mean ± SD) | Matched controls (n = 16) (mean ± SD) | Breast cancer survivors (n = 16) (mean ± SD) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74 Ü9 | 64 ± 11* | 68 ± 10 | 0.042 |
| End-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 94 ± 15 | 80 ± 10* | 75 ± 12* | 0.001 |
| End-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 34 ± 7 | 26 ± 4* | 26 ± 4* | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 61 ± 10 | 54 ± 7* | 49 ± 9*† | 0.009 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 64 ± 3 | 67 ± 4 | 65 ± 3 | 0.123 |
| Cardiac output index (L/min/m2) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.6* | 3.3 ± 0.5* | < 0.001 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | − 24.4 ± 1.4 | − 25.4 ± 2.4 | − 23.4 ± 2.2† | 0.032 |
| Peak supine MRI exercise | ||||
| Supine stepper power output (watts) | 255 + 25 | 151 ± 29* | 122 ± 30*† | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 155 ± 22 | 140 ± 17 | 140 ± 17 | 0.067 |
| End-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 97 ± 15 | 85 ± 11* | 77 ± 12* | < 0.001 |
| End-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 23 ± 6 | 21 ± 5 | 20 ± 4 | 0.448 |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 75 ± 11 | 64 ± 9* | 57 ± 10*† | < 0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 77 ± 4 | 76 ± 4 | 73 ± 4 | 0.071 |
| Cardiac output index (L/min/m2) | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 1.7* | 8.0 ± 2.0* | < 0.001 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | − 31.8 ± 3.0 | − 30.4 ± 2.2 | − 28.0 ± 2.5*† | 0.001 |
| Reserve (peak–rest) | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 81 ± 19 | 76 ± 12 | 72 ± 20 | 0.394 |
| End-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 3 ± 3 | 5 ± 5 | 2 ± 6 | 0.312 |
| End-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | − 11 ± 3 | − 6 ± 3* | − 6 ± 4* | < 0.001 |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 14 ± 4 | 10 ± 4* | 8 ± 4* | 0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 12 ± 3 | 9 ± 3* | 8 ± 3* | 0.004 |
| Cardiac output index (L/min/m2) | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 5.6 ± 1.3* | 4.7 ± 1.6*† | 0.012 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | − 7.4 ± 2.1 | − 5.0 ± 2.0* | − 4.6 ± 2.5* | 0.003 |
| Cardiopulmonary cycle exercise test data | ||||
| Resting arterial oxygen saturation (%) | – | 98 ± 2 | 97 ± 2 | 0.357 |
| Peak arterial oxygen saturation (%) | – | 94 ± 2 | 96 ± 2 | 0.080 |
| Peak heart rate (bpm) | – | 161 ± 14 | 166 ± 12 | 0.110 |
| Peak power output (watts) | – | 165 ± 30 | 132 ± 31 | 0.004 |
| Peak oxygen consumption (L/min) | – | 2.13 ± 0.41 | 1.69 ± 0.37 | 0.003 |
| Peak oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) | – | 29.5 ± 7.7 | 23.1 ± 7.5 | 0.011 |
| Peak respiratory exchange ratio | – | 1.27 ± 0.08 | 1.29 ± 0.09 | 0.600 |
| Arteriovenous oxygen difference (mL/100 mL, impedance-derived) | – | 16.4 ± 3.6 | 15.2 ± 3.9 | 0.054 |
*Statistically different from young controls at p ≤ 0.05; † Statistically different from matched controls at p ≤ 0.05;– denotes data not collected in this group.