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. 2021 Jan 8;26(6):2148–2162. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00987-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Manhattan plot showing the fixed effects meta-analysis p values for the association between aggressive behavior and DNA methylation level based on the meta-analysis of peripheral blood. The blue horizontal line denotes the FDR-threshold (5%) and the red line indicates the Bonferroni threshold. b Effects sizes of top-sites from the meta-analysis of aggression in peripheral blood (x-axis) versus effects sizes from the meta-analysis of aggression in cord blood (y-axis). c Venn diagram showing the numbers and overlap of CpGs detected at FDR 5% in the meta-analysis of peripheral blood and the combined meta-analysis and cord blood and peripheral blood. d Effects sizes of top-sites from the meta-analysis of aggression in peripheral blood model 1 (x-axis) versus effects sizes from the meta-analysis of aggression in peripheral blood model 2; adjusted for smoking and BMI (y-axis). e Top enriched traits based on enrichment analysis with all 48 top-sites. The third column shows how many of the 48 CpGs have been previously associated with the trait in the first column. The last column shows the overlap as a percentage of the total number of CpGs previously associated with the trait in column 1 (e.g. 0.3% of all CpGs previously associated with smoking are also associated with aggression in the current meta-analysis). d In b and d, CpGs that have not been previously associated with smoking in the meta-analysis by Joehanes et al. [40] are plotted in red.