Table 1.
Cohort | N, M1 | N, M2 | % female | % current smoker | % former smoker | DNA age, Mean (SD), ya | Aggression survey | Array | Aggression, Mean (SD) | Time between survey and DNA, Mean (min, max), yb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peripheral blood | ||||||||||
ALSPAC [58] | 865 | 865 | 49.4 | 0 | 0 | 7.5 (0.2) | SDQ [29] | 450k | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.7 (0.0, 2.1) |
Dunedin [59] | 767 | 764 | 46.3 | 33.8 | 13.7 | 26.0 (0) | MPQ [33] | 450k | 23.3 (19.3) | 0 |
E-Risk [60] | 1629 | 1601 | 49.8 | 22.7 | 0 | 18.0 (0) | DSM-IV Conduct Disorder [32] | 450k | 2.2 (2.3) | 0 |
FinnTwin12 [61] | 757 | 757 | 59.2 | 46.0c | NA | 22.4 (0.7) | MNPI [30] | 450k | 0.6 (0.7) | 10.4 (9.0, 13.0) |
GS:SFHS [62] | 4609 | 4421 | 67.9 | 18.9 | 29.5 | 46.6 (14.0) | 1 item, from GHQ 28 [63]d | EPIC | 0.1 (0.3) | 0 |
GLAKU [64] | 192 | 177 | 56.3 | 1.7 | 0 | 12.3 (0.5) | CBCL [28] | EPIC | 3.9 (3.8) | 0 |
HELIX [65] | 1058 | 1058 | 44.9 | NA | NA | 8.0 (1.6) | CBCL [28] | 450k | 5.2 (5.0) | 0 |
LLD [66] | 683 | 683 | 59.4 | 19.0 | 33.1 | 43.9 (11.6) | 1 item, personality questionnairee | 450k | 1.9 (0.9) | 0.1, (0.0, 0.3) |
NFBC1966 [67] | 740 | 740 | 56.9 | 29.9 | 23.8 | 31.0 (0) | 1 item, from TCI-NS4f | 450k | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.0, 10) |
NFBC1986 [67] | 517 | 517 | 53.8 | 36.7 | 41.9 | 16.0 (0) | ASR [31] | 450k | 4.3 (2.6) | 0.6 (0.0, 10) |
NTR [68] | 2059 | 2049 | 69.2 | 18.3 | 22.5 | 36.4 (12.0) | ASR [31] | 450k | 2.8 (3.1) | −2.6 (−10.0, 8.0) |
SATSA [69] | 377 | 377 | 60.2 | 17.0 | 4.0 | 70.2 (9.7) | 1 item, from EAS [70, 71]g | 450k | 2.0 (1.07) | −2.0 (−10.0, 5.0) |
YFS [72] | 181 | 181 | 63.0 | 30.9 | 27.5 | 19.2 (3.3) | Hunter-Wolf [34, 35] | 450k | 3.5 (0.9) | 0 |
Cord blood | ||||||||||
ALSPAC [58] | 808 | 808 | 50.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | SDQ [29] | 450k | 1.5 (1.4) | −6.8 (−6.8, −6.8) |
GECKO [73] | 196 | 186 | 51.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | SDQ [29] | 450k | 1.1 (1.4) | −5.9 (−5.1, −6.9) |
Generation R [74] | 806 | 718 | 49.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | CBCL [28] | 450k | 5.2 (5.1) | −5.9 (−5.2, −8.3) |
INMA [75] | 385 | 385 | 48.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | SDQ [29] | 450k | 1.8 (1.7) | −6, 9 (−8, 3, −6, 2) |
Poseidon [76] | 230 | 230 | 54.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | CBCL [28] | 450k | 9.4 (5.9) | −3.8 (−3.6, −4) |
ALSPAC Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Dunedin Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, E-Risk E-Risk Twin Study, FinnTwin12 Finnish Twin Cohort, GS:SFHS Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study, GLAKU Glycyrrhizin in Licorice cohort, HELIX The Human Early-Life Exposome, LLD LifeLines-DEEP, NFBC1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, NFBC1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, NTR Netherlands Twin Register, SATSA Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, YFS Young Finns Study, GECKO Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity, Generation R Generation R Study, INMA The INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) Project, Poseidon Pre-, peri- and postnatal Stress in human and non-human offspring: a translational approach to study Epigenetic Impact on DepressiON, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), conduct problems. MPQ Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire aggression, DSM-IV Conduct Disorder DSM-IV Conduct Disorder Symptom Scale, MNPI Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory, aggression, CBCL Child Behavior Checklist, Aggressive Behavior scale, GHQ General Health Questionnaire, TCI-NS4 temperament and character inventory- novelty seeking, ASR Adult self-report, aggression scale, EAS Emotionality, Activity, Sociability scale, Hunter–Wolf Hunter–Wolf aggressive behavior scale, NA not assessed, y years.
aAge at DNA sample collection.
bTime between DNA sample collection and phenotype measure: DNA minus phenotype.
cThe percentage shows current and former smokers combined.
dHave you recently been getting edgy and bad-tempered?
eCould you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I am known for being short-tempered and irritable.
fI lose my temper more quickly than most people.
gPeople think I am hot-tempered an temperamental.