Table 4. Comparison of prognosis characteristics and first inspection results on admission between patients visiting the clinic in 4 days after symptom onset and the others.
| Variables | Total | Time from symptom onset to first medical visit ≤4 days | Time from symptom onset to first medical visit >4 days | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | ||||
| Sever level | 209 (15.09) | 118 (12.81) | 91 (19.61) | <0.01 |
| septic shock | 24 (3.31) | 13 (2.73) | 11 (4.42) | 0.23 |
| Secondary bacterial or fungal infection | 62 (9.73) | 42 (10.02) | 20 (9.17) | 0.73 |
| ARDS | 72 (9.99) | 38 (8.02) | 34 (13.77) | 0.02 |
| Acute renal failure | 15 (2.10) | 10 (2.13) | 5 (2.05) | 0.95 |
| DIC | 6 (0.84) | 2 (0.43) | 4 (1.63) | 0.09 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 1 (0.14) | 1 (0.21) | 0 (0.00) | 0.47 |
| Demographic characteristic | ||||
| Age | 48.0 (36.00–61.00) | 47.0 (35.00–60.00) | 51.0 (40.00–63.00) | <0.01 |
| Gender, male | 795 (57.65) | 514 (55.99) | 281 (60.95) | 0.08 |
| Former/current smoker | 102 (7.36) | 63 (6.84) | 39 (8.41) | 0.29 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Dry cough | 972 (72.65) | 617 (69.56) | 355 (78.71) | <0.01 |
| Pharyngodynia | 171 (14.58) | 116 (14.93) | 55 (13.89) | 0.63 |
| Conjunctival congestion | 8 (0.67) | 6 (0.76) | 2 (0.49) | 0.58 |
| Nasal congestion | 65 (5.62) | 38 (4.99) | 27 (6.82) | 0.20 |
| Headache | 190 (16.06) | 134 (17.07) | 56 (14.07) | 0.18 |
| Productive cough | 479 (37.57) | 281 (33.22) | 198 (46.15) | <0.00 |
| Fatigue | 542 (44.54) | 347 (43.27) | 195 (46.99) | 0.22 |
| Hemoptysis | 13 (1.11) | 9 (1.15) | 4 (1.02) | 0.83 |
| Shortness of breath | 303 (21.88) | 158 (17.16) | 145 (31.25) | <0.01 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 75 (6.12) | 50 (6.17) | 25 (6.02) | 0.92 |
| Diarrhea | 55 (4.53) | 34 (4.23) | 21 (5.13) | 0.47 |
| Myalgia/arthralgia | 223 (18.61) | 138 (17.38) | 85 (21.04) | 0.12 |
| Chill | 154 (12.94) | 96 (12.15) | 58 (14.50) | 0.25 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic comorbidities | 357 (25.78) | 236 (25.62) | 121 (26.08) | 0.86 |
| COPD | 21 (1.52) | 8 (0.87) | 13 (2.80) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 116 (8.38) | 77 (8.36) | 39 (8.41) | 0.98 |
| Hypertension | 249 (17.98) | 162 (17.59) | 87 (18.75) | 0.60 |
| Coronary heart disease | 49 (3.54) | 35 (3.80) | 14 (3.02) | 0.46 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 27 (1.95) | 15 (1.63) | 12 (2.59) | 0.22 |
| Hepatitis B | 23 (1.66) | 16 (1.74) | 7 (1.51) | 0.75 |
| Malignancy | 13 (0.94) | 9 (0.98) | 4 (0.86) | 0.83 |
| Chronic renal diseases | 17 (1.23) | 15 (1.63) | 2 (0.43) | 0.06 |
| Immunodeficiency | 3 (0.22) | 1 (0.11) | 2 (0.43) | 0.22 |
| Radiological parameters | ||||
| Abnormality | 1,094 (85.07) | 684 (81.33) | 410 (92.13) | <0.01 |
| Abnormality in X-ray | 219 (63.66) | 128 (57.92) | 91 (73.98) | <0.01 |
| Abnormality in CT | 1,019 (85.41) | 636 (82.28) | 383 (91.19) | <0.01 |
| Having chest X-ray | 1193 (91.56) | 773 (90.73) | 420 (93.13) | 0.14 |
| Having chest CT | 344 (29.50) | 221 (28.63) | 123 (31.22) | 0.36 |
| Ground-glass opacities | 711 (55.29) | 427 (50.77) | 284 (63.82) | <0.01 |
| Local pulmonary infiltrates | 551 (42.85) | 349 (41.50) | 202 (45.39) | 0.18 |
| Pulmonary infiltrates | 686 (53.34) | 409 (48.63) | 277 (62.25) | <0.01 |
| Interstitial disorders | 195 (15.16) | 115 (13.67) | 80 (17.98) | 0.04 |
| Ground-glass opacities in X-ray | 80 (23.26) | 47 (21.27) | 33 (26.83) | 0.24 |
| Local pulmonary infiltrates in X-ray | 108 (31.40) | 71 (32.13) | 37 (30.08) | 0.70 |
| Pulmonary infiltrates in X-ray | 153 (44.48) | 84 (38.01) | 69 (56.10) | <0.01 |
| Interstitial disorders in X-ray | 26 (7.56) | 11 (4.98) | 15 (12.20) | 0.02 |
| Ground-glass opacities in CT | 686 (57.50) | 412 (53.30) | 274 (65.24) | <0.01 |
| Local pulmonary infiltrates in CT | 497 (41.66) | 311 (40.23) | 186 (44.29) | 0.18 |
| Pulmonary infiltrates in CT | 613 (51.38) | 366 (47.35) | 247 (58.81) | <0.01 |
| Interstitial disorders in CT | 184 (15.42) | 111 (14.36) | 73 (17.38) | 0.168 |
| First inspection results on admission | ||||
| Temperature on admission (°C) | 37.2 (36.70–38.00) | 37.3 (36.70–38.00) | 37.2 (36.70–38.00) | 0.41 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 81.34 (62.95–97.75) | 83.0 (65.10–98.00) | 77.0 (58.98–96.00) | 0.08 |
| FiO2 (%) | 21.0 (21.00–29.00) | 21.0 (21.00–29.00) | 21.0 (21.00–29.00) | 0.33 |
| Oxygen saturation under air (%) | 96.0 (94.00–98.00) | 97.0 (95.00–98.00) | 95.0 (93.00–97.85) | <0.01 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 4.92 (3.60–6.43) | 4.84 (3.53–6.27) | 5.21 (3.89–6.62) | 0.01 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 0.99 (0.70–1.31) | 0.95 (0.70–1.40) | 0.91 |
| Blood platelet (×109/L) | 169.0 (132.00–213.00) | 169.0 (132.00–213.00) | 170.0 (133.00–213.00) | 0.70 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 132.0 (117.00–145.00) | 132.0 (117.10–146.00) | 132.0 (116.00–143.00) | 0.74 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 15.63 (6.20–44.10) | 12.88 (4.85–35.03) | 24.75 (10.00–55.41) | <0.01 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.05 (0.04–0.11) | 0.05 (0.04–0.11) | 0.05 (0.04–0.11) | 0.96 |
| Lactic dehydrogenase (U/L) | 247.0 (191.00–338.20) | 230.0 (180.00–312.00) | 274.0 (224.00–387.25) | <0.01 |
| Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (U/L) | 29.75 (22.00–42.00) | 28.0 (21.91–40.00) | 32.0 (24.00–43.85) | <0.01 |
| Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (U/L) | 26.0 (17.00–41.00) | 25.0 (16.23–40.00) | 26.0 (18.00–43.00) | 0.09 |
| Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 3.3 (2.40–4.80) | 3.2 (2.40–4.80) | 3.5 (2.50–4.90) | 0.05 |
| Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L) | 6.5 (4.51–8.80) | 6.5 (4.50–8.70) | 6.7 (4.60–9.17) | 0.26 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/l) | 9.98 (7.40–13.40) | 9.8 (7.20–13.10) | 10.2 (7.69–13.62) | 0.10 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 85.2 (54.80–142.70) | 83.0 (56.00–138.75) | 93.0 (52.00–155.00) | 0.43 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 68.0 (54.42–82.00) | 68.0 (54.45–82.25) | 68.0 (54.70–80.40) | 0.89 |
| Hypersensitive troponin I (pg/mL) | 2.2 (0.01–9.45) | 2.0 (0.01–9.96) | 2.75 (0.01–8.72) | 0.78 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 38.8 (33.40–43.30) | 39.5 (33.80–44.10) | 37.3 (32.00–41.40) | <0.01 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) | 0.53 (0.23–1.42) | 0.49 (0.21–1.06) | 0.59 (0.28–1.72) | <0.01 |
| Prothrombin time (s) | 12.0 (11.00–13.00) | 12.0 (11.00–13.00) | 12.0 (11.00–13.00) | 0.92 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 31.0 (26.00–35.00) | 31.0 (26.00–35.00) | 30.5 (26.00–35.00) | 0.77 |
Data were expressed as means (standard deviation), for parametric continuous data, as median (first quartile; third quartile), for parametric continuous data, or as n (%), where n is the sample number of patients, and % is the proportion with available data. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.