Table 2.
Psychological distress in organ transplant recipients during COVID-19 pandemic.
| Variables | Depression | Anxiety | Insomnia | PTSD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | |
| Total | 41 (13.4) | 264 (86.6) | 21 (6.9) | 284 (93.1) | 36 (11.8) | 269 (88.2) | 93 (30.5) | 212 (69.5) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 28 (14.3) | 168 (85.7) | 0.563 | 14 (7.1) | 182 (92.9) | 0.812 | 24 (12.2) | 172 (87.8) | 0.749 | 56 (28.6) | 140 (71.4) | 0.329 |
| Female | 13 (11.9) | 96 (88.1) | 7 (6.4) | 102 (93.6) | 12 (11.0) | 97 (89.0) | 37 (33.9) | 72 (66.1) | ||||
| Age (year) | ||||||||||||
| <30 | 2 (6.7) | 28 (93.3) | 0.298 | 2 (6.7) | 28 (93.3) | 0.335 | 1 (3.3) | 29 (96.7) | 0.003 | 5 (16.7) | 25 (83.3) | 0.002 |
| 30- | 11 (12.0) | 81 (88.0) | 4 (4.3) | 88 (95.7) | 6 (6.5) | 86 (93.5) | 19 (20.7) | 73 (79.3) | ||||
| 40- | 21 (17.8) | 97 (82.2) | 12 (10.2) | 106 (89.8) | 24 (20.3) | 94 (79.7) | 50 (42.4) | 68 (57.6) | ||||
| ≥50 | 7 (10.8) | 58 (89.2) | 3 (4.6) | 62 (95.4) | 5 (7.7) | 60 (92.3) | 19 (29.2) | 46 (70.8) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Unmarried | 8 (14.0) | 49 (86.0) | 0.884 | 5 (8.8) | 52 (91.2) | 0.562 | 3 (5.3) | 54 (94.7) | 0.090 | 9 (15.8) | 48 (84.2) | 0.007 |
| Married* | 33 (13.3) | 215 (86.7) | 16 (6.5) | 232 (93.5) | 33 (13.3) | 215 (86.7) | 84 (33.9) | 164 (66.1) | ||||
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| Lower than undergraduate | 26 (16.0) | 136 (84.0) | 0.155 | 14 (8.6) | 148 (91.4) | 0.197 | 15 (9.3) | 147 (90.7) | 0.143 | 58 (35.8) | 104 (64.2) | 0.032 |
| Undergraduate or higher | 15 (10.5) | 128 (89.5) | 7 (4.9) | 136 (95.1) | 21 (14.7) | 122 (85.3) | 35 (24.5) | 108 (75.5) | ||||
| Ethnic groups | ||||||||||||
| Han Ethnic group | 39 (14.3) | 234 (85.7) | 0.279 | 21 (7.7) | 252 (92.3) | 0.145 | 31 (11.4) | 242 (88.6) | 0.559 | 83 (30.4) | 190 (69.6) | 0.922 |
| Ethnic minorities | 2 (6.3) | 30 (93.8) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (100.0) | 5 (15.6) | 27 (84.4) | 10 (31.3) | 22 (68.8) | ||||
| Living area | ||||||||||||
| Unban area | 33 (14.2) | 200 (85.8) | 0.507 | 16 (6.9) | 217 (93.1) | 1.000 | 32 (13.7) | 201 (86.3) | 0.060 | 70 (30.0) | 163 (70.0) | 0.759 |
| Rural area | 8 (11.1) | 64 (88.9) | 5 (6.9) | 67 (93.1) | 4 (5.6) | 68 (94.4) | 23 (31.9) | 49 (68.1) | ||||
| Living status | ||||||||||||
| Alone | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 0.081 | 1 (7.7) | 12 (92.3) | 1.000 | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0.657 | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0.071 |
| With others | 37 (12.7) | 255 (87.3) | 20 (6.8) | 272 (93.2) | 34 (11.6) | 258 (88.4) | 86 (29.5) | 206 (70.5) | ||||
| Worry about infection | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 28 (13.1) | 186 (86.9) | 0.778 | 15 (7.0) | 199 (93.0) | 0.896 | 25 (11.7) | 189 (88.3) | 0.920 | 78 (36.4) | 136 (63.6) | 0.001 |
| No | 13 (14.3) | 78 (85.7) | 6 (6.6) | 85 (93.4) | 11 (12.1) | 80 (87.9) | 15 (16.5) | 76 (83.5) | ||||
| Type of transplantation | ||||||||||||
| Kidney | 6 (15.4) | 33 (84.6) | 0.470 | 6 (15.4) | 33 (84.6) | 0.134 | 7 (17.9) | 32 (82.1) | 0.056 | 13 (33.3) | 26 (66.7) | 0.359 |
| Heart | 31 (12.5) | 217 (87.5) | 14 (5.6) | 234 (94.4) | 28 (11.3) | 220 (88.3) | 72 (29.0) | 176 (71.0) | ||||
| Liver | 4 (22.2) | 14 (77.8) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | 1 (5.6) | 18 (94.4) | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | ||||
| Post-operative time (month) | ||||||||||||
| <12 | 21 (14.8) | 121 (85.2) | 0.520 | 8 (5.6) | 134 (94.4) | 0.420 | 18 (12.7) | 124 (87.3) | 0.659 | 38 (26.8) | 104 (73.2) | 0.186 |
| ≥12 | 20 (12.3) | 143 (87.7) | 13 (8.0) | 150 (92.0) | 18 (11.0) | 145 (89.0) | 55 (33.7) | 108 (66.3) | ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 29 (16.5) | 147 (83.5) | 0.070 | 16 (9.1) | 160 (90.9) | 0.076 | 29 (16.5) | 147 (83.5) | 0.003 | 58 (33.0) | 118 (67.0) | 0.275 |
| No | 12 (9.3) | 117 (90.7) | 5 (3.9) | 124 (96.1) | 7 (5.4) | 122 (94.6) | 35 (27.1) | 94 (72.9) | ||||
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
*
Including 13 widowed or divorced participants.