Table 4.
Liver and kidney functions of growing Japanese quail as affected by licorice powder.
| Licorice levels (mg/kg diet) |
P value2 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items | 0 | 250 | 500 | 750 | 1000 | SEM1 | Linear | Quadratic |
| TP (g/dL)3 | 3.24 | 2.78 | 3.57 | 3.72 | 3.61 | 0.087 | 0.0007 | 0.8486 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 2.00 | 1.98 | 2.30 | 1.92 | 1.93 | 0.038 | 0.1549 | 0.0032 |
| GLOB (g/dL) | 1.24 | 0.80 | 1.27 | 1.80 | 1.69 | 0.061 | <.0001 | 0.0357 |
| A/G (%) | 1.64 | 2.47 | 1.86 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 0.072 | <.0001 | 0.0009 |
| AST (IU/L) | 175 | 210 | 226 | 160 | 159 | 3.077 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 16.49 | 13.84 | 13.35 | 13.96 | 13.64 | 0.760 | 0.0647 | 0.1006 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 155 | 228 | 207 | 120 | 133 | 5.122 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.36 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.016 | 0.0724 | 0.0243 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 7.11 | 6.50 | 6.74 | 7.31 | 6.97 | 0.188 | 0.4124 | 0.2549 |
1
Standard error means.
2
Linear and quadratic effects.
3
TP: total protein; Alb: albumin GLOB: globulin; A/G: albumin/ globulin ratio; AST: aspartate aminotransferase and ALT: alanine aminotransferase. LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.