. 2021 Mar 22;100(8):101139. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101139

Table 4.

Effects of dietary algae-derived polysaccharides (ADP) on cytokines concentration of bursa of Fabricius in broilers under heat stress.

Items	TN	HS	HSA	SEM	P-value
TNF-α, pg/mg protein	168.55^b	221.14^a	195.25^ab	9.72	0.010
INF-γ, pg/mg protein	367.52^a	325.98^b	345.53^ab	11.89	0.092
IL-1β, pg/mg protein	374.81^b	427.25^a	381.28^b	12.19	0.025
IL-2, ng/mg protein	3.50^a	2.54^b	3.29^a	0.23	0.031
IL-4, ng/mg protein	108.37^b	141.73^a	115.13^ab	8.78	0.042
IL-6, pg/mg protein	97.23^b	139.70^a	124.11^ab	10.24	0.041
IL-10, ng/mg protein	241.68	262.56	249.53	9.91	0.359

TN, thermoneutral zone group (23.6 ± 1.8°C); HS, heat stress group (33.2 ± 1.5°C for 10 h/day); HSA, heat stress + ADP group (supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg ADP); SEM, standard error of mean; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, interferon-γ, IL, interleukin.

^ab

Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).