Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress across quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake in the whole population (n = 3,362)^a.

	Quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake
	(n = 840) (<19 g/day)	(n = 841)(19–22.1 g/day)	(n = 841) (22.2–25.6 g/day)	(n = 840)(>25.6 g/day)	ptrend
Depression
Crude	1.00	0.77 (0.63–0.95)	0.78 (0.63–0.96)	0.71 (0.58–0.88)	0.003
Model 1	1.00	0.75 (0.60–0.95)	0.75 (0.60–0.94)	0.64 (0.51–0.81)	<0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.75 (0.59–0.94)	0.74 (0.59–0.93)	0.63 (0.50–0.80)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.79 (0.63–1.00)	0.84 (0.66–1.07)	0.79 (0.61–1.03)	0.14
Model 4	1.00	0.81 (0.64–1.03)	0.86 (0.67–1.10)	0.81 (0.62–1.07)	0.20
Anxiety
Crude	1.00	0.72 (0.55–0.93)	0.83 (0.64–1.07)	0.71 (0.55–0.93)	0.03
Model 1	1.00	0.64 (0.48–0.86)	0.77 (0.58–1.00)	0.63 (0.47–0.83)	0.007
Model 2	1.00	0.64 (0.47–0.85)	0.77 (0.58–1.02)	0.61 (0.46–0.82)	0.005
Model 3	1.00	0.64 (0.47–0.86)	0.79 (0.58–1.06)	0.65 (0.46–0.90)	0.04
Model 4	1.00	0.67 (0.49–0.91)	0.87 (0.64–1.18)	0.67 (0.48–0.95)	0.11
Psychological distress
Crude	1.00	0.76 (0.61–0.94)	0.75 (0.61–0.94)	0.71 (0.57–0.89)	0.004
Model 1	1.00	0.77 (0.61–0.98)	0.76 (0.60–0.96)	0.65 (0.51–0.83)	0.001
Model 2	1.00	0.76 (0.60–0.97)	0.75 (0.59–0.95)	0.64 (0.50–0.81)	<0.001
Model 3	1.00	0.77 (0.60–0.98)	0.77 (0.60–1.00)	0.70 (0.53–0.92)	0.02
Model 4	1.00	0.81 (0.63–1.04)	0.85 (0.65–1.10)	0.71 (0.53–0.94)	0.03

^aModel 1: Adjusted for age, gender, and energy intake.

Model 2: Further adjustment for physical activity, smoking, marital status, socioeconomic status, diabetes, and use of antidepressant medications and dietary supplements.

Model 3: Additional controlling for dietary intakes of fat, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B group, and total antioxidants.

Model 4: Further adjusted for body mass index (BMI).