Table 6.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress across quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake in overweight or obese participants [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2] (n = 1,506)a.
| Quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 351) (<19 g/day) | (n = 369)(19–22.1 g/day) | (n = 376) (22.2–25.6 g/day) | (n = 410)(>25.6 g/day) | ptrend | |
| Depression | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.83 (0.60–1.13) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.17 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) | 0.71 (0.51–1.00) | 0.05 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 0.03 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) | 0.93 (0.65–1.35) | 0.87 (0.59–1.29) | 0.52 |
| Anxiety | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 0.90 (0.61–1.34) | 0.91 (0.62–1.34) | 0.60 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.52–1.24) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) | 0.82 (0.54–1.25) | 0.44 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.49–1.19) | 0.81 (0.53–1.26) | 0.77 (0.50–1.18) | 0.33 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.49–1.23) | 0.88 (0.55–1.40) | 0.84 (0.52–1.38) | 0.67 |
| Psychological distress | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.02 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.49–1.00) | 0.65 (0.46–0.93) | 0.56 (0.39–0.79) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.47–0.98) | 0.61 (0.42–0.87) | 0.51 (0.36–0.73) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.46–0.98) | 0.61 (0.42–0.90) | 0.52 (0.34–0.79) | 0.002 |
a
Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender, and energy intake.
Model 2: Further adjustment for physical activity, smoking, marital status, socioeconomic status, diabetes, and use of antidepressant medications and dietary supplements.
Model 3: Additional controlling for dietary intakes of fat, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B group, and total antioxidants.