Table 7.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress across quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake in normal-weight participants [body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2] (n = 1,856)a.
| Quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 489) (<19 g/day) | (n = 472)(19–22.1 g/day) | (n = 465) (22.2–25.6 g/day) | (n = 430)(>25.6 g/day) | ptrend | |
| Depression | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | 0.004 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.50–0.91) | 0.70 (0.52–0.95) | 0.58 (0.43–0.80) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) | 0.59 (0.43–0.81) | 0.002 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.51–0.95) | 0.78 (0.56–1.07) | 0.74 (0.51–1.06) | 0.14 |
| Anxiety | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.56 (0.39–0.80) | 0.78 (0.80–1.09) | 0.55 (0.38–0.81) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.54 (0.36–0.79) | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.48 (0.32–0.71) | 0.002 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) | 0.76 (0.52–1.10) | 0.50 (0.33–0.75) | 0.005 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) | 0.75 (0.51–1.12) | 0.50 (0.31–0.80) | 0.02 |
| Psychological distress | |||||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | 0.82 (0.61–1.09) | 0.74 (0.55–1.00) | 0.07 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.85 (0.62–1.16) | 0.73 (0.53–1.00) | 0.07 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.60–1.14) | 0.86 (0.63–1.19) | 0.74 (0.53–1.04) | 0.11 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) | 0.91 (0.65–1.29) | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) | 0.54 |
a
Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender, and energy intake.
Model 2: Further adjustment for physical activity, smoking, marital status, socioeconomic status, diabetes, and use of antidepressant medications and dietary supplements.
Model 3: Additional controlling for dietary intakes of fat, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B group, and total antioxidants.