Table 3.

NTD: numbers of pregnancies and the prevalence if fortification had occurred from 1998 to 2017 according to European country.

Country	EU member			Assuming no supplementation occurred			Assuming 25% of women took supplements (47)
	2017	1998	Prevalence per 1,000 births†	Prevalence per 1,000 births with fortification	Percentage reduction due to fortification (%)	Estimated NTD pregnancies prevented	Prevalence per 1,000 births with fortification	Percentage reduction due to fortification (%)	Estimated NTD pregnancies prevented
Austria	Y	Y	0.71	0.53	25	279	0.57	19	209
Belgium	Y	Y	0.75	0.60	20	369	0.63	15	276
Denmark	Y	Y	1.12	0.80	28	394	0.88	21	296
Finland	Y	Y	0.90	0.70	23	234	0.75	17	175
France	Y	Y	1.16	0.93	20	3,735	0.99	15	2,801
Germany	Y	Y	1.02	0.82	20	2,893	0.87	15	2,170
Greeceb	Y	Y	0.57	0.46	18	214	0.49	14	160
Ireland	Y	Y	0.93	0.75	18	222	0.80	14	166
Italy	Y	Y	0.57	0.43	25	1,526	0.46	19	1,145
Luxembourga	Y	Y	0.87	0.70	20	20	0.74	15	15
Netherlands	Y	Y	0.82	0.55	32	962	0.62	24	721
Portugal	Y	Y	0.43	0.35	19	168	0.37	14	126
Spain	Y	Y	0.85	0.69	18	1,332	0.73	14	999
Sweden	Y	Y	0.79	0.64	19	315	0.67	14	237
United Kingdom	Y	Y	1.22	0.99	18	3,344	1.05	14	2,508
Bulgaria	Y	N	1.63	1.26	22	510	1.35	17	382
Croatia	Y	N	0.49	0.36	28	112	0.39	21	84
Cyprusb	Y	N	0.57	0.47	17	25	0.49	13	18
Czech Republic	Y	N	0.73	0.59	20	306	0.62	15	230
Estoniac	Y	N	0.90	0.70	23	58	0.75	17	43
Hungary	Y	N	0.64	0.54	16	193	0.56	12	145
Latviad	Y	N	0.82	0.64	22	77	0.68	17	58
Lithuaniad	Y	N	0.82	0.64	22	115	0.69	17	86
Malta	Y	N	0.92	0.76	17	13	0.80	13	10
Poland	Y	N	0.77	0.61	20	1,173	0.65	15	879
Romaniae	Y	N	0.77	0.61	22	746	0.65	17	559
Slovak Republicf	Y	N	0.53	0.43	18	106	0.46	13	80
Sloveniag	Y	N	0.74	0.57	22	65	0.62	17	49
Norway	N	N	0.84	0.57	32	312	0.63	24	234
Switzerland	N	N	0.87	0.69	21	286	0.73	16	214
Ukraine	N	N	1.80	0.91	49	8,047	1.13	37	6,035
Countries in EU in 1998			0.95		21	16,007		15	12,005
Countries in EU in 2019			0.92		21	19,504		15	14,628

^aFor Luxembourg the prevalence was assumed to be the same as that in Switzerland.

^bFor Greece and Cyprus the prevalence was assumed to be the same as that in Italy.

^cFor Estonia the prevalence was assumed to be the same as that in Finland.

^dFor Latvia and Lithuania the prevalence was assumed to be the same as the mean of Poland, Finland and Sweden.

^eFor Romania the prevalence was assumed to be the same as that in Poland.

^fPrevalence in Slovak Republic from Behunova et al. (20).

^gPrevalence in Slovenia from Kokalj et al. (21).

^†The prevalence may differ slightly from that in Table 1 as in Table 3 it is the prevalence over the whole time period from 1998 to 2017 and in Table 1 it is the prevalence for the years of available data.