TABLE 2.
Characteristics of neonates/infants exposed to lithium during late pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding.
| Sex | CASE-1 Female | CASE-2 Male | CASE-3 Female | CASE-4 Female | CASE-5 Male | CASE-6 Male | CASE-7 Male | CASE-8 Male | CASE-9 Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age weeks + days | 39 + 5 | 40 + 5 | 38 + 5 | 37 + 4 | 39 + 6 | 38 + 0 | 41 + 2 | 40 + 3 | 39 + 1 |
| Weight at birth (gr) | 3,450 | 3,520 | 2,965 | 3,430 | 3,324 | 3,200 | 3,690 | 4,100 | 4,400 |
| Length cm | 51.00 | 51.00 | 46.00 | 51.50 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 52.00 | 53.00 | 53.00 |
| Head circumference cm | 33.00 | 36.00 | 35.00 | 33.00 | 34.50 | 34.50 | 37.00 | 35.00 | 37.50 |
| Apgar 1/5/10 min | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 | 8/8/9 | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 | 9/10/10 |
| UA pH | 7.24 | 7.24 | 7.27 | 7.22 | 7.04 a | 7.06 a | 7.27 | 7.25 | 7.02 a |
| Neonatal TSH b | 2.56 | 0.90 | 1.55 | 1.85 | 4.73 | 1.59 | 0.58 | 1.23 | 2.52 |
| IS-PES neonatal sing (total score) e | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | c |
| Newborn physical examination (by systems) d | Normal | Dysmorphic auricle axial hypotonia | Non-restrictive kinking of the ductus arteriosus | Normal | Normal | Normal | Axial hypotonia | Normal | Systolic murmur I/VI |
| Weight at 48 h postpartum (gr) | 3,195 | 3,215 | 2,770 | 3,200 | 3,035 | 3,080 | 3,270 | 3,770 | 3,970 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding duration (days) | 131 | 36 | 15 | 180 | 17 | 171 | 45 | 123 | 98 |
| Change of feeding type | Mixed | Infant formula | Infant formula | Complementary | Mixed | Complementary | Infant formula | Complementary | Infant formula |
| Reasons for termination of breastfeeding | Return to work | Nipple anatomy insufficient breastmilk | Nipple anatomy slow weight gain | Return to work | Slow weight gain | Return to work | Maternal relapse | Infant age | Infant weight crisis during growth |
Abbreviations: N = normal; NA = not available; UA pH = umbilical artery pH; TSH = thyroid stimulant hormone; IS-PES = Infant subscale of Peripartum Events Scale.
Fetal acidosis.
Neonatal TSH: neonatal screening at 48 h of life (mU/mL).
Hyperbilirrubinemia.
Newborn physical examination by systems: skin and lymphatics, head, eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat, neck-thyroid (goiter), lungs/thorax, cardiovascular (cardiomegaly, bradycardia, systolic murmur); abdomen/hepatic (hepatomegaly, jaundice); neuromuscular (hypotonia, flaccidity, diminished deep tendon reflexes, poor suck, Moro reflexes; central nervous system (lethargy, depression); genitourinary renal (polyuria, diabetes insipidus); respiratory (apnea, cyanosis, labored breathing, need for intubation), ano-genital.
IS-PES neonatal sign included 11 items: need for pH correction, volume correction, need for transfusion or plasma exchange, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirrubinemia, treatment for sepsis, meconium aspiration pneumonitis, other serious event, special care admission and treatment to alleviate distress.