Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| BP group | SERM group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP‐BP (n = 12) | BP‐Dmab (n = 12) | P‐value | SERM‐SERM (n = 12) | SERM‐Dmab (n = 12) | P‐value | |
| Age (years) | 71.4 ± 5.7 | 71.6 ± 6.8 | NS | 72.8 ± 11.7 | 70.9 ± 11.4 | NS |
| Years since menopause | 19.3 ± 5.9 | 21.8 ± 7.3 | NS | 21.6 ± 6.2 | 21.4 ± 10.1 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 4.6 | 25.7 ± 4.0 | NS | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 26.1 ± 2.6 | NS |
| LS BMD T‐score (SD) | −1.0 ± 1.0 | −1.2 ± 0.8 | NS | −1.2 ± 1.6 | −1.3 ± 1.3 | NS |
| FN BMD T‐score (SD) | −2.2 ± 0.4 | −2.0 ± 0.3 | NS | −1.8 ± 0.4 | −2.1 ± 0.4 | NS |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | NS | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | NS |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.7 ± 12.7 | 64.3 ± 15.4 | NS | 75.4 ± 15.8 | 65.4 ± 12.4 | NS |
| UACR (mg/gCre) | 15.0 ± 9.3 | 92.3 ± 101.6 | NS | 172.2 ± 280.8 | 26.0 ± 14.5 | NS |
| Albumin‐adjusted serum Ca (mg/dL) | 10.0 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.38 | NS | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Serum P (mg/dL) | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | NS | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Intact PTH (pg/mL) | 34.0 ± 18.4 | 36.7 ± 22.1 | NS | 46.8 ± 10.2 | 43.2 ± 20.3 | NS |
| 25‐OH‐VitD (ng/mL) | 21.8 ± 7.4 | 22.5 ± 6.6 | NS | 19.5 ± 6.9 | 20.3 ± 5.2 | NS |
| FRAX® score | ||||||
| Major osteoporotic (%) | 14.5 ± 5.8 | 14.6 ± 5.5 | NS | 10.4 ± 2.5 | 12.2 ± 4.6 | NS |
| Hip fracture (%) | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | NS | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | NS |
| Serum pentosidine (µg/mL) | 0.0546 ± 0.0241 | 0.0538 ± 0.0247 | NS | 0.0764 ± 0.0305 | 0.0896 ± 0.0925 | NS |
| No. antidiabetes drugs | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | NS | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Medications (antidiabetes) | ||||||
| SU, n (%) | 3 (25) | 5 (42) | 9 (75) | 4 (33) | ||
| Biguanides, n (%) | 8 (67) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 8 (67) | ||
| DPP‐IV inhibitors, n (%) | 8 (67) | 6 (50) | 8 (67) | 7 (58) | ||
| GLP‐1 analogs, n (%) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| SGLT2 inhibitors, n (%) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | ||
| αGI, n (%) | 2 (17) | 2 (17) | 4 (33) | 2 (17) | ||
| Insulin, n (%) | 4 (33) | 3 (25) | 2 (17) | 4 (33) | ||
| Medications (anti‐osteoporosis) | ||||||
| Minodronic acid 50 mg, n (%) | 12 (100) | 12 (100) | – | – | ||
| Bazedoxifene 20 mg, n (%) | – | – | 12 (100) | 12 (100) | ||
| Eldecalcitol 0.75 µg, n (%) | 11 (92) | 10 (83) | 11 (92) | 11 (92) | ||
| Alfacalcidol 1.0 µg, n (%) | 1 (8) | 2 (17) | 1 (8) | (8) | ||
Data are reported as the mean ± standard deviation. BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; BP, bisphosphonate; Dmab, denosumab; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DPP‐IV, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; FRAX score, fracture risk assessment score; FN, femoral neck; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LS, lumber spine; NS, no significance; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SERM, selective estrogen receptor modulator; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2; SU, sulfonylureas; UACR, urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio; 25‐OH‐VitD, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D; αGI, α‐glucosidase inhibitors.