CPT-DNA-NT induces apoptosis in HeLa cell after 12 h. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of control experiment (n = 10,000 cells, ∗∗P < 0.01). (B) Apoptosis estimation of blank DNA-NT to HeLa cell (n = 10,000 cells, ∗∗P < 0.01). (C) Apoptotic analysis of free CPT (n = 1,000 cells, ∗P < 0.05). (D) Apoptotic analysis of CPT-DNA-NT against HeLa cells (n = 1,000 cells, ∗P < 0.05). In vitro cytotoxicity assessment through flow cytometry showed enhanced apoptosis (72.7%) with CPT-DNA-NT, compared to free CPT (64.4%).