Table 2.

Background characteristics of the social-emotional learning studies.

Study characteristics	Preschool PATHS Domitrovich et al., 2007	Preschool PATHS–CARES study Mattera et al., 2013; Morris et al., 2014	Head Start REDI Bierman et al., 2008; Domitrovich et al., 2009
Design overview	Mixed-block randomized trial; classrooms were randomly assigned to either preschool PATHS or business-as-usual control condition	Cluster randomized trial; centers randomly assigned to one of three curricula (IY, PP, or TM) or business-as usual control condition	Cluster randomized trial; centers randomly assigned to intervention or business-as-usual condition
Sample location	Central Pennsylvania	17 head start grantees located in 10 states across the United States	Pennsylvania
Sample size	2 head start programs; 20 classrooms/teachers; 246 children	307 classrooms; 2,114 (total sample) and 669 preschool Paths program group children	44 head start classrooms/teachers; 356 children
Child sample demographics	47% African-American, 38% European-American, and 20% were Hispanic with a mean age of 51.40 months.	43% were Hispanic, 33% African-American, and 16% White, with a mean age 4.49 years	356 children: 17% Hispanic, 25% African-American
Intervention characteristics
Duration of implementation	1 year	1 year	1 year
Amount of training and coaching	3 days; monthly coaching visits	4 training sessions; weekly coaching visits	Training sessions and weekly coaching visits
Measures
Teacher practice		Adapted teacher style rating scale (TSRS) (OA)
Classroom climate		CLASS (OA)
Executive function and behavioral regulation	Day/Night task (DA); Attention sustained subtest from the leiter-revised assessment battery (DA); Problem behavior scale of the PKBS (TR)	Head-to-Toes (DA); pencil Tap (DA); behavioral problem index (TR)	ADHD rating scale (TR)
Emotion knowledge and social problem-solving skills	Recognition of emotions concepts from KEI (DA); assessment of children's emotions scale (DA); Denham puppet interview (DA); challenging situations (DA)	Facial emotions identification tasks (DA); emotion situation tasks (DA); challenging situations task (DA)	Children's emotion skills (DA); emotion recognition questionnaire (DA); challenging situations tasks (DA)
Learning and social behaviors	Social skills scale of the PKBS (TR)	Social skills rating system (TR)	Social competence scale (TR); Teacher observation of child adaptation-revised (TR); learning engagement (TR)
Academic outcomes		WJ-III Letter-word identification (DA); WJ-III applied problems (DA); EOWPVT (DA); academic rating scale (TR)	EOWPVT (DA); Grammatical understanding subtest of the test of language development (DA); Test of preschool early literacy (DA)

DA, direct child assessment; TR, teacher-report; OA, observational assessment; AR, assessor-report.