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. 2021 Jun 24;12:712608. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The bidirectional links between inflammation and oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as inflammatory trigger initiating inflammation. On the other hand inflammation induces oxidative stress. IκB, inhibitory subunit of NFκB; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; P, phosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species.