FIGURE 1.

Wnt secretion affects extracellular vesicle release in normal mouse pancreatic ductal (PD) organoids. (A) Immunostaining for porcupine (PORCN) and quantification of confocal microscopic images. (B) β-catenin detection in PD organoids (confocal microscope). The arrows mark cells with nuclear β-catenin. (C) Immunostaining for the proliferation marker Ki67 in the presence (LGK974) or absence (Ctr) of a PORCN inhibitor. Representative confocal microscopic images (left panels) and their quantification. (D) The relative RNA levels of Axin2, Lgr5, and Troy after treatments with LGK974 (RT-qPCR, n = 6). Data normalized to Hprt1 housekeeping were compared to the untreated control. (E) Representative images of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) measurements (left panel) and their quantification (right panel, n = 5). Data were normalized to 10⁶ cells and then compared. For panels (A,C), 15–20 images from three experiments were analyzed. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn post hoc test (C), t-test (D), or one-sample t-test (E) were used with **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.005. Scale bars: 50 μm (A–C) or 10 μm [(B) magnified panels].