Table 6. Management of Primary Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum patients.
| Study | Antibiotics (%) | Admission (%) | Mean LOS (days) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abolnik et al. 1991 | NR | 100 | 6.3 |
| Kaneki et al. 2000 | NR | 100 | NR |
| Gerazounis et al. 2003 | NR | NR | NR |
| Jougon et al. 2003 | NR | 100 | 4 |
| Koullias et al. 2004 | 100 | 50 | 2 |
| Weissberg & Weissberg 2004 | NR | 100 | 3.5 |
| Campillo-Soto et al. 2005 | NR | 100 | 8.6 |
| Newcomb & Clarke 2005 | NR | 100 | 2 |
| Freixinet et al. 2005 | NR | 100 | 3.2 |
| Macia et al. 2007 | NR | 100 | 5 |
| Mondello et al. 2007 | NR | NR | 6 |
| Caceres et al. 2008 | NR | NR | 3 |
| Al-Mufarrej et al. 2008 | 58.8 | 100 | NR* |
| Takada et al. 2008 | 76 | 96 | 7.8 |
| Perna et al. 2010 | NR | 100 | 3.5 |
| Ryoo 2012 | 0* | 78 | 3.5 |
| Okada et al. 2014 | 20 | 50 | 7 |
| Bakhos et al. 2014 | NR | 78 | 1.8 |
| Ebina et al. 2017 | 5.9 | 32 | 3.4 |
| AVE ± std dev [n] | 43%±40.8% [6] | 86.5%±22.6% [18] | 4.4%±2.1% [18] |
**, for patients with no other co-morbidities, the length of hospital stay ranged from 23–72 hours (average 40.5 hours). Patients admitted with significant dehydration, asthma exacerbation, or drug intoxication had longer hospital stays (5–11 days with average of 7 days).