Table 3. Generalized estimating equation model for the use of fluoroquinolones on Achilles tendinopathy among Korean children with pneumonia (2,213,807 of episodes) from 2002 to 2017.
| No. of population | No. of AT (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | aOR | 95% CI | P | |||||
| Use of FQ | No | 2,207,578 | 1,417 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 6,229 | 12 (0.19) | 3.00 | (1.71–5.29) | 0.0001 | 0.85 | (0.48–1.51) | 0.5715 | ||
| Age | <8 | 1,943,555 | 368 (0.02) | 0.07 | (0.06–0.09) | <0.0001 | 0.07 | (0.06–0.09) | <0.0001 | |
| 8–12 | 155,787 | 771 (0.49) | 1.95 | (1.70–2.24) | <0.0001 | 1.93 | (1.68–2.22) | <0.0001 | ||
| ≥12 | 114,465 | 290 (0.25) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Severity of pneumonia | Non-severe | 2,130,700 | 1,387 (0.07) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Severe | 83,107 | 42 (0.05) | 0.78 | (0.57–1.05) | 0.102 | 0.66 | (0.49–0.91) | 0.0098 | ||
| Sex | Female | 1,024,215 | 649 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Male | 1,189,592 | 780 (0.07) | 1.03 | (0.93–1.15) | 0.5283 | 1.09 | (0.98–1.21) | 0.1072 | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | No | 2,136,537 | 1,392 (0.07) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 77,270 | 37 (0.05) | 0.74 | (0.53–1.03) | 0.0717 | 1.03 | (0.73–1.44) | 0.8858 | ||
| Congenital respiratory diseases | No | 2,210,236 | 1,428 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 3,571 | 1 (0.03) | 0.43 | (0.06–3.22) | 0.4104 | 1.08 | (0.15–7.72) | 0.9413 | ||
| Neuromuscular diseases | No | 2,196,281 | 1,413 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 17,526 | 16 (0.09) | 1.44 | (0.88–2.35) | 0.1491 | 1.16 | (0.7–1.92) | 0.5628 | ||
| Genetic metabolic diseases | No | 2,187,582 | 1,399 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 26,225 | 30 (0.11) | 1.78 | (1.23–2.59) | 0.0025 | 1.68 | (1.15–2.45) | 0.0069 | ||
| Immunodeficiency | No | 2,211,993 | 1,429 (0.06) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Yes | 1,814 | 0 (0) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Neoplasms | No | 2,208,545 | 1,422 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 5,262 | 7 (0.13) | 2.07 | (0.99–4.33) | 0.0538 | 1 | (0.48–2.09) | 0.9956 | ||
| Auto-immune disease | No | 2,212,309 | 1,423 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 1,498 | 6 (0.4) | 5.96 | (2.54–13.97) | <0.0001 | 2.35 | (1.02–5.4) | 0.044 | ||
| Transplantation | No | 2,212,809 | 1,428 (0.06) | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Yes | 998 | 1 (0.10) | 1.45 | (0.17–12.12) | 0.7311 | 0.68 | (0.09–4.97) | 0.7012 | ||
aORs, adjusted for age, severity, sex, cardiovascular diseases, congenital respiratory diseases, neuromuscular diseases, genetic metabolic diseases, neoplasms, autoimmune disease, and transplantation. AT, occurrence of Achilles tendinopathy.