Table 5.
Relationship of Plasma Cytokines to Symptoms in Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
| IL-10 | IL-12 p40 | IL-12 p70 | IL-1β | IL-6 | IL-8 | TNF-α | Stim. IL-6 | Stim. IL-8 | Stim. TNF-α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women with IBS (n = 73) | ||||||||||
| Daily Abdominal Pain | .16 | .01 | .06 | .16 | .11 | .12 | .17 | .03 | .06 | −.06 |
| Daily GI Distressa | −.11 | −.15 | −.11 | −.02 | −.13 | −.09 | −.15 | .09 | .04 | −.06 |
| Daily Psychological Distressb | .27* | .20 | .25* | .28* | .27* | .28* | .22 | −.19 | −.09 | −.22 |
| Somatization (PHQ-15) | .11 | .11 | .12 | .14 | .08 | .16 | .07 | .05 | .05 | −.08 |
| Somatization (PHQ-12)c | .07 | .10 | .12 | .12 | .04 | .12 | .03 | .04 | .09 | −.05 |
| Anxiety (HADS) | .16 | .12 | .05 | .06 | .10 | .08 | .05 | −.07 | .01 | −.13 |
| Depression (HADS) | .10 | .14 | .16 | .18 | .13 | −.01 | .18 | −.10 | .13 | −.13 |
| Women with IBS: Without Hormonal Contraception (n = 45) | ||||||||||
| Daily Abdominal Pain | .29 | .03 | .22 | .19 | .21 | .08 | .29 | .12 | .20 | .18 |
| Daily GI Distressa | .07 | −.15 | .01 | −.07 | −.08 | −.09 | −.04 | .20 | .30 | .22 |
| Daily Psychological Distressb | .29 | .17 | .25 | .26 | .28 | .23 | .31* | -.14 | .02 | −.07 |
| Somatization (PHQ-15) | .21 | .28 | .20 | .19 | .18 | .34* | .19 | .15 | .15 | .07 |
| Somatization (PHQ-12)c | .13 | .28 | .20 | .17 | .14 | .31* | .13 | .15 | .18 | .07 |
| Anxiety (HADS) | .31* | .27 | .21 | .24 | .21 | .28 | .27 | −.06 | .04 | −.12 |
| Depression (HADS) | .17 | .23 | .12 | .20 | .21 | .18 | .13 | −.08 | −.01 | −.13 |
| Women with IBS: Hormonal Contraception (n = 28) | ||||||||||
| Daily Abdominal Pain | −.22 | -.18 | −.39 | −.17 | −.15 | .22 | -.36 | −.04 | −.09 | −.28 |
| Daily GI Distressa | −.35 | −.29 | −.40 | −.15 | −.30 | −.16 | −.39 | −.03 | −.20 | −.28 |
| Daily Psychological Distressb | .17 | .16 | .11 | .20 | .17 | .38 | −.08 | −.19 | −.23 | −.45* |
| Somatization (PHQ-15) | −.12 | −.17 | −.11 | −.07 | −.11 | .03 | −.32 | .02 | −.04 | −.24 |
| Somatization (PHQ-12)c | −.10 | −.17 | −.07 | −.05 | −.11 | −.02 | −.30 | .01 | .01 | −.18 |
| Anxiety (HADS) | −.14 | −.11 | −.18 | −.20 | -.16 | −.04 | −.46* | −.11 | −.17 | −.35 |
| Depression (HADS) | −.12 | −.08 | .11 | −.01 | −.05 | −.22 | .08 | −.03 | .11 | −.04 |
Note. * < 0.05 Controlling for plate. IL = interleukin; Stim. = stimulated cytokine; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; PHQ = patient health questionnaire; HADS = hospital anxiety and depression scale. aDaily GI Distress includes the average daily symptom diary items of gas, bloating, and distention. bDaily Psychological Distress includes the average daily symptom diary items of anxiety, depression, panic, and stress. cThe PHQ-12 is the patient health questionnaire excluding three GI specific questions.