Table 8.
Summary of the published normal reference ranges of fetal left ventricle MPI for singleton pregnancies in the second and third trimester in past 20 years
| Researcher | Year | GA (weeks) |
No | Country | Design | MPI | Normal reference | IRT | ICT | ET |
| Hernandez-Andrade et al2 | 200. | 18–31 | 74 | USA | Cross-sectional single centre | Constant | 0.53±0.13 | Constant | Constant | Constant |
| Hernandez-Andrade et al10 | 2007 | 19–39 | 557 | Spain | Cross-sectional | Increase | 95th increase(0.43 to 0.45) | Increase | Constant | Decrease |
| Van Mieghem et al11 | 2009 | 20–36 | 117 | Belgium | Prospective cross-sectional single centre | Constant | 0.34±0.05 | Increase | NA | NA |
| Meriki and Welsh13 | 2012 | 18–38 | 318 | Australia | Prospective longitudinal single centre | Increase | Mean increase(0.49 to 0.51) | Increase | Constant | Decrease |
| Cruz-Martínez et al12 | 2012 | 11–41 | 730 | Spain | Prospective cross-sectional single centre | Increase | 95th increase(0.51 to 0.78) | Increase | Increase | <30 weeks increase >30 weeks decrease |
| Ghawi et al6 | 2013 | 16–39 | 420 | USA | Retrospective cross-sectional single centre | Constant | 0.464±0.08 | NA | NA | NA |
| Luewan et al8 | 2014 | 12–40 | 562 | Thailand | Prospective descriptive single centre | Increase | 95th increase(0.57 to 0.69) | NA | NA | NA |
| Bhorat et al7 | 2014 | 20–38 | 419 | South Africa | Prospective cross-sectional single centre | <26 w constant >26 w decrease |
95th (0.42 to 0.36) | Decrease | Constant | Constant |
| Lee et al4 | 2016 | 12–40 | 447 | Korea | Prospective longitudinal single centre | Increase | Mean increase(0.44 to 0.56) | Increase | Increase | <27 weeks increase >27 weeks decrease |
| Nair and Radhakrishnan5 | 2016 | 17–37 | 200 | India | Prospective cross-sectional single centre | Constant | 0.42±0.03 | NA | NA | NA |
| MacDonald et al14 | 2019 | 27–29 weeks 35–37 weeks |
519 | Australia | Prospective longitudinal single centre | Increase | 95th increase(0.63 to 0.75) | NA | NA | NA |
| Peixoto et al9 | 2019 | 20–36 | 360 | Brazil | Prospective cross-sectional two centre | Increase | Mean increase(0.44 to 0.47) | Increase | Constant | Constant |
ET, ejection time; GA, gestational age; ICT, isovolumetric contraction time; IRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; MPI, Myocardial Performance Index; NA, not available.