Table 1.
Comparison between survivors and non-survivors in the development cohort
| Variable | Dead (n=125) | Alive (n=460) | P value |
| Age, years | 63.67±15.62 | 58.21±17.51 | 0.050 |
| Male, n (%) | 82 (65.6) | 283 (61.5) | 0.404 |
| Temperature, ℃ | 37.11±2.16 | 37.33±1.05 | 0.120 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 111.88±20.20 | 108.29±20.40 | 0.081 |
| Respiratory rate, beats per minute | 24.92±5.52 | 23.26±5.19 | 0.003 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 120.18±27.22 | 120.80±24.47 | 0.808 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 71.96±19.65 | 73.74±16.56 | 0.356 |
| SPO2, % | 92.77±8.19 | 93.98±6.86 | 0.094 |
| pH | 7.40±0.10 | 7.44±0.07 | <0.001 |
| PO2, mm Hg | 80.83±39.23 | 83.57±31.11 | 0.410 |
| PCO2, mm Hg | 32.68±11.56 | 34.19±10.13 | 0.153 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 2.80±2.39 | 1.76±1.27 | <0.001 |
| WCC, ×109/L | 12.52±9.41 | 13.17±8.05 | 0.443 |
| Platelet, ×109/L | 130 (64–212） | 166 (101–251） | 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 107.48±29.61 | 113.98±29.47 | 0.029 |
| Haematocrit | 0.32±0.09 | 0.34±0.08 | 0.017 |
| Albumin, g/L | 29.09±6.29 | 33.41±6.68 | <0.001 |
| Urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 8.4 (5.6–14.8） | 6.0 (4.2–9.3） | 0.002 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 96 (62–175） | 75 (59–106） | 0.041 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 130 (65–283） | 95 (60–159） | 0.049 |
| Cystatin-C, mg/L | 1.78±1.17 | 1.42±1.19 | 0.003 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.95±1.98 | 4.54±1.61 | 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 12.7 (8.5–23.2） | 12.2 (8.1–20.5） | 0.214 |
| ALT, IU/L | 24 (16–52） | 27 (16–53） | 0.397 |
| AST, IU/L | 42 (25–65） | 32 (21–62） | 0.218 |
| Infection sites, n (%) | 0.185 | ||
| Lung | 81 (64.8） | 256 (55.7） | |
| Intra-abdominal site | 24 (19.2） | 110 (23.9） | |
| Others | 20 (16.0） | 94 (20.4） | |
| Sepsis prognostic scores | |||
| GCS | 12.46±3.67 | 14.17±2.27 | <0.001 |
| APACHE II | 20.30±7.37 | 15.20±7.51 | <0.001 |
| MEWS | 4.70±2.24 | 3.82±2.06 | <0.001 |
| MEDS | 8.92±3.76 | 6.98±3.34 | <0.001 |
| SOFA | 8 (6–12) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| qSOFA | 1.37±0.809 | 0.89±0.753 | <0.001 |
ALT, aspartate aminotransferase; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; AST, alanine aminotransferase; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MEDS, Mortality in the Emergency Department Sepsis; MEWS, Modified Early Warning Scoring; PCO2, Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide; PO2, partial pressure of oxygen; qSOFA, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SPO2, oxygen saturation; WCC, white cell count.