TABLE 3.
Summary of Ca:Mg ratio in diet studies1
| Higher magnesium/lower calcium intake | Optimum Ratio Range | Higher calcium/lower magnesium intake |
|---|---|---|
| Ratio <1.70 | Ratio, 1.70–2.60 | Ratio >2.60 |
| ↑ Total mortality in women (12) | ↓ Risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence (3), RCT | ↑ High-aggressive prostate cancer (4) |
| 1↑ Esophageal adenocarcinoma (16) | ↓ Total mortality in men (12) | ↓ All-cause mortality, breast cancer patients (5) |
| ↓ Incident adenoma and distal colorectal cancer (13) | ||
| ↓ Odds of prostate cancer (18) | ||
| ↓ Cancer mortality with exercise (15) | ||
| Improved cognitive function (17), RCT | ||
| ↓ Noncardiac gastric carcinoma2 (19) | ↓ Noncardiac gastric carcinoma2 (19) | ↓ Noncardiac gastric carcinoma2 (19) |
| 1↓ Colorectal adenoma (14) using a cutoff Ca:Mg ratio of 3.00 as a higher median ratio was observed |
1
Ca:Mg, calcium-to-magnesium; RCT, randomized controlled trial; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase.
2
Association did not differ by ratio category.