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. 2021 Jul 8;86(7):800–817. doi: 10.1134/S0006297921070026

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open access.This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4. — Cryo-EM structures of S protein homotrimeric spike on the surface of SARS‑CoV‑2 virions. a) Pre-fusion conformation: 1 and 2 – closed conformation (flail-like shape; all RBDs down); 3 and 4 – open conformation (one RBD up, two RBDs down); shown from the side (1 and 3) and top (2 and 4); b) post-fusion conformation (needle-like); c) tilted spike due to the flexible hinges in the stem (black circles) [41]. The spikes are shown to the scale according to [9, 16, 41]. Adapted with permission from Yao et al. [9]. Copyright Elsevier, 2020.