Table 1.
Participants characteristics by diabetes type at echocardiography visit, 2015–2019
| Type 1, n = 258 | Type 2, n = 221 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.2 ± 5.2 | 24.8 ± 4.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex, Female (n,%) | 139 (53.9%) | 163 (73.8%) | < 0.0001 |
| Race | < 0.0001 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White (n,%) | 156 (60.5%) | 54 (24.4%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black (n,%) | 48 (18.6%) | 125 (56.6%) | |
| Hispanic (n,%) | 29 (11.2%) | 27 (12.2%) | |
| Asian, Native American (n,%) | 25 (9.7%) | 15 (6.8%) | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 11.9 (9.1; 13.3) | 11.3 (6.8: 13.3) | 0.1911 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 5.3 | 38.0 ± 9.5 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 172.5, 48.0 | 185.0, 58.0 | 0.0143 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 103.4 ± 32.7 | 112.3 ± 40.0 | 0.0092 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 56.3 ± 14.6 | 42.3 ± 11.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 77.0 (55.5: 106.0) | 122.0 (85.0: 193.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 110.3 ± 12.0 | 123.2 ± 16.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP z-score | − 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.1 ± 10.3 | 80.1 ± 11.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP z-score | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 0.0397 |
| Current smokers (n%) | 31 (12.3%) | 42 (19.5%) | 0.0319 |
| Days of vigorous physical activity | 2 (0; 4) | 0 (0; 3) | 0.0001 |
Data are mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR)