Table 2.
Cardiac structure and function from echocardiography by diabetes type
| Type 1, n = 258 | Type 2, n = 221 | Unadjusted p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac structure | |||
| LVM Index (g/m2.7), N: median(IQR) | 29.2 (24.8: 33.4) | 35.9 (30.4: 44.0) | < 0.0001* |
| LV relative wall thickness | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Left atrium length (cm) (4 chamber)/BSA | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.2536 |
| Left atrium area (4 chamber)/BSA | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.4675 |
| Cardiac function | |||
| Shortening fraction (%) | 36.0 ± 5.1 | 36.2 ± 5.9 | 0.7046 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 57.2 ± 7.4 | 53.4 ± 7.5 | < 0.0001* |
| Peak longitudinal strain (4 chamber) | − 20.6 ± 4.0 | − 18.5 ± 3.5 | < 0.0001* |
| Peak longitudinal strain rate (4 chamber) | − 1.0 ± 0.2 | − 0.9 ± 0.2 | < 0.0001* |
| E/A ratio | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001* |
| E/e' ratio | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 2.2 | < 0.0001* |
| e'/a' ratio | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Pulse wave velocity m/s | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | < 0.0001* |
Data are unadjusted mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR). Lower is worse except for E/e’ were higher value is worse. * indicates p < 0.05 remains after adjustment for BMI z-score, systolic BP z-score, diastolic BP z-score and hemoglobin A1c. LVM Index, E/A, E/e’, and e’/a’ ratios are log transformed for modeling. After adjustment p value for the difference in RWT was 0.13 and e’/a’ was 0.158