Table 3.
Risk factors associated with diastolic function in participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
| Parameter | E/A (lower is worse) | E/e’ (higher is worse) | e’/a’(lower is worse) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | SE | p value | Estimate | SE | p value | Estimate | SE | p value | |
| Intercept | 1.919 | 0.156 | < .0001 | 1.458 | 0.158 | < .0001 | 2.283 | 0.165 | < .0001 |
| Age at diagnosis | − 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.0043 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.9531 | − 0.020 | 0.003 | < .0001 |
| Race—Caucasian | 0.002 | 0.026 | 0.9265 | − 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.1426 | − 0.007 | 0.027 | 0.8045 |
| Sex—Female | − 0.045 | 0.026 | 0.0866 | 0.078 | 0.027 | 0.0033 | − 0.016 | 0.028 | 0.5567 |
| DM Type—Type 1 | − 0.031 | 0.037 | 0.3926 | − 0.071 | 0.037 | 0.0570 | − 0.064 | 0.039 | 0.1000 |
| DM duration (yr) | − 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.0002 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.1258 | − 0.023 | 0.004 | < .0001 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | − 0.009 | 0.001 | < .0001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.3097 | − 0.009 | 0.001 | < .0001 |
| Systolic BP z-score | 0.009 | 0.015 | 0.5573 | 0.039 | 0.015 | 0.0082 | − 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.3978 |
| Diastolic BP z-score | − 0.010 | 0.017 | 0.5577 | 0.008 | 0.017 | 0.6371 | − 0.002 | 0.018 | 0.9161 |
| Days of Vigorous activity | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.2513 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.2118 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.6334 |
| HbA1c (%) | − 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.0657 | − 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.2484 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.9865 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.3661 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.6358 | − 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.0656 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.8548 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.6698 | − 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.5657 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | − 0.021 | 0.022 | 0.3475 | 0.026 | 0.022 | 0.2375 | − 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.3911 |
| BMI z-score | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.6591 | 0.019 | 0.017 | 0.2484 | − 0.026 | 0.017 | 0.1297 |
| LVM index | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.8764 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | − 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.0051 |
| PWV carotid femoral | − 0.046 | 0.011 | < .0001 | − 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.1712 | − 0.028 | 0.011 | 0.0168 |
| Model R2 | 0.47 | 0.31 | 0.48 | ||||||
Bolded values indicate significant variables
Parameter estimates, standard error (SE) and p values from sequential linear regression models are presented above. The model presented above is the final model and included baseline covariates: age at diagnosis, race, sex, diabetes type, duration of DM, heart rate and blood pressure, physical activity, lipids, BMI, HbA1c, LVM index and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and adjusted for clinical site. All outcomes are log transformed for modeling