Table 2.
Multiparametric TTE classification of MR: TTE, standard, and 4D flow CMR values
| Control (6) | MR group (54) | MR Grade 1 + /2 + (12) | MR Grade 3 + (12) | MR Grade 4 + (30) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||||
| LVEDV, ml | 133 ± 28 | 175 ± 67 | 133 ± 44@ | 140 ± 37@ | 206 ± 69 |
| LVESV, ml | 48 ± 9 | 58 ± 28 | 52 ± 21 | 44 ± 13 | 67 ± 33 |
| LVEF, % | 64 ± 4 | 67 ± 7 | 61 ± 6#@ | 68 ± 6 | 68 ± 6 |
| LVOT SV, ml | 80 ± 2 | 71 ± 16 | 73 ± 14 | 80 ± 13 | 67 ± 17 |
| EROA, cm2 * | n.a | 0.49 ± 0.28 | 0.16 ± 0.13#@ | 0.36 ± 0.09@ | 0.68 ± 0.22 |
| RVol, ml * | n.a | 73 ± 39 | 22 ± 16#@ | 54 ± 8@ | 101 ± 25 |
| RF, % * | n.a | 47 ± 18 | 21 ± 10#@ | 40 ± 4@ | 60 ± 8 |
| Vena contracta, cm | n.a | 0.62 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.15#@ | 0.60 ± 0.09@ | 0.76 ± 0.09 |
| E wave, m/s | 0.77 ± 0.21 | 1.36 ± 0.38§ | 0.92 ± 0.19#@ | 1.22 ± 0.16@ | 1.58 ± 0.31 |
| PW Doppler parameters | |||||
| MV SV, ml | 84 ± 3 | 139 ± 42§ | 96 ± 27#@ | 124 ± 16@ | 163 ± 38 |
| RVol, ml | 3 ± 3 | 69 ± 42§ | 22 ± 17#@ | 48 ± 13@ | 96 ± 36 |
| RF, % | 4 ± 3 | 45 ± 18§ | 21 ± 12#@ | 38 ± 7@ | 58 ± 11 |
| CMR parameters | |||||
| LVEDV, ml | 169 ± 24 | 220 ± 71§ | 172 ± 50@ | 186 ± 45@ | 254 ± 70 |
| LVESV, ml | 66 ± 12 | 85 ± 38§ | 70 ± 36 | 68 ± 25 | 98 ± 39 |
| LV SV, ml | 103 ± 14 | 135 ± 38§ | 102 ± 24@ | 117 ± 23@ | 156 ± 35 |
| LVEF, % | 63 ± 5 | 62 ± 7 | 61 ± 10 | 64 ± 7 | 62 ± 6 |
| Aorta forward flow, ml | 98 ± 12 | 78 ± 21§ | 82 ± 19 | 80 ± 16 | 76 ± 23 |
| Aorta net flow (SV), ml | 97 ± 11 | 74 ± 19§ | 77 ± 19 | 74 ± 12 | 72 ± 22 |
| RVol, ml | 5 ± 4 | 57 ± 34§ | 21 ± 16#@ | 37 ± 11@ | 80 ± 26 |
| RF, % | 4 ± 3 | 41 ± 17§ | 20 ± 13#@ | 33 ± 7@ | 53 ± 11 |
| 4D flow CMR (indirect) | |||||
| MV SV, ml | 93 ± 16 | 124 ± 39 | 99 ± 25@ | 119 ± 23 | 135 ± 44 |
| LVOT net flow (SV), ml | 86 ± 15 | 68 ± 16§ | 73 ± 13 | 77 ± 9@ | 62 ± 17 |
| RVol, ml ** | 7 ± 6 | 56 ± 35§ | 26 ± 16#@ | 43 ± 16@ | 73 ± 36 |
| RF, % ** | 7 ± 6 | 42 ± 16§ | 24 ± 11#@ | 35 ± 6@ | 52 ± 13 |
| 4D flow CMR (direct) | |||||
| RVol, ml *** | n.a | 51 ± 25 | 28 ± 12@ | 43 ± 15 | 59 ± 25 |
| RF, % *** | n.a | 40 ± 16 | 25 ± 9@ | 35 ± 9 | 46 ± 16 |
TTE transthoracic echocardiography, MR mitral valve regurgitation, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract, SV stroke volume, EROA effective regurgitant orifice area, RVol regurgitant volume (MR), RF regurgitant fraction (MR), PW pulse-wave, MV mitral valve. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. *2D-PISA method (n = 54). **4D flow indirect (n = 60) and ***direct (n = 46) method. Differences reached statistical significance with: § control, # group “MR grade 3 + ”, and @ group “MR grade 4 + ”