Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics at ICU admission and outcome (N = 81).
| Without bradycardia | With bradycardia | Adjusted p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 66.2 (12.6) | 69.1 (10.8) | 0.071 | |
| Wave | First, n (%) | 15 (19) | 2 (2) | <0.001 |
| Second, n (%) | 2 (2) | 62 (77) | ||
| Sex - Male, n (%) | 9 (11) | 44 (54) | 0.019 | |
| Smoking - Yes, n (%) | 7 (9) | 18 (22) | 0.05 | |
| APACHE II, mean (SD) | 10.86 (4.7) | 17.36 (4) | <0.001 | |
| SOFA, mean (SD) | 10.73 (2.5) | 12.63 (2.2) | <0.001 | |
| Heart rate (beats per minute), mean (SD) | No b-blocker | 73.3 (6.75) | 55.2 (6.73) | <0.001 |
| Prior use of b-blocker* | – | 51.3 (6.13) | – | |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 87.28 (10.1) | 81.28 (12.1) | <0.001 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mean (SD) | 204.24 (78.4) | 128.75 (56.9) | <0.001 | |
| pH, mean (SD) | 7.36 (0.1) | 7.28 (0.1) | <0.001 | |
| Temperature (°C), mean (SD) | 37.91 (0.8) | 38.44 (1) | <0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 10.97 (1.9) | 11.39 (9.1) | 0.297 | |
| White blood cells (K/uL), mean (SD) | 9.52 (4.9) | 10.29 (5.2) | 0.118 | |
| High-sensitivity CRP (mg/L), mean (SD) | 3.2 (4.7) | 13.27 (23.1) | <0.001 | |
| D-Dimers (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 1020.53 (1259.9) | 1369.94 (1238.4) | <0.001 | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 3970.3 (1253.8) | 2628.32 (4363.8) | 0.011 | |
| suPAR (ng/mL), mean (SD)# | 7.65 (5.2) | 9.07 (4.3) | <0.001 | |
| Lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 2.09 (1.5) | 4.96 (3.6) | <0.001 | |
| Outcome | Death, n (%) | 9 (11) | 52 (64) | <0.001 |
| Hospital discharge, n (%) | 10 (12) | 10 (12) | ||
ICU, intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein.
*
Six patients of the second wave were on chronic antihypertensive treatment with b-blockers (bisoprolol, n = 2; nebivolol, n = 4), but all of them received the last dose more than 48 h before admission.
#
Measured at hospital admission.