TABLE I.
Adverse Events and Complications Following Third-Generation MICA
| Grade/Description of Complication | No. of Cases | % of Cases (95% CI) |
| Grade I: adverse event with minimal clinical relevance that causes no deviation from routine follow-up during the postoperative period. Therapeutic regimens include analgesia, antibiotics, and physiotherapy. Complications include: | 25 | 7.5 (4.7, 10.3) |
| Delayed wound-healing | 2 | 0.6 |
| Superficial cellulitis (requiring oral antibiotics) | 15 | 4.5 |
| Transient neurapraxia* | 3 | 0.9 |
| FHL tendon injury* | 5 | 1.5 |
| Grade II: complication that is treatable but does not require additional surgical intervention or an unplanned hospital admission. Complications include: | 20 | 6.0 (3.5, 8.6) |
| Additional intraoperative fixation (e.g., Kirschner wire, additional screw) | 6 | 1.8 |
| Symptomatic osteotomy site displacement* | 1 | 0.3 |
| Symptomatic delayed union* | 5 | 1.5 |
| Transfer metatarsalgia/sesamoid pain | 3 | 0.9 |
| Intraoperative conversion to open surgery | 2 | 0.6 |
| Symptomatic recurrence of hallux valgus deformity | 3 | 0.9 |
| Grade III: complication that is treatable and requires surgical intervention or an unplanned hospital admission. Complications include: | 26 | 7.8 (4.9 10.7) |
| Osteotomy site displacement: bone-screw interface failure (fracture/screw cutout) | 6 | 1.8 |
| Osteotomy site displacement: delayed union/malunion/nonunion | 4 | 1.2 |
| Symptomatic prominent screw(s) | 8 | 2.4 |
| Prominent bone | 4 | 1.2 |
| Deep infection requiring surgical debridement and washout | 4 | 1.2 |
| All-cause screw-removal rate | 21 | 6.3 (3.7, 8.9) |
*
Not requiring operative intervention.