Blocking NMDARs or targeting α2δ-1–NMDARs reverses RTX-induced tactile allodynia. A, B, Time course of the effects of intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg memantine (A; n = 8 rats) or intrathecal injection of 10 μg of AP-5 (B; n = 9 rats) on the tactile withdrawal threshold tested with von Frey filaments in RTX-treated rats (n = 8 rats per group). C, D, Time course of the effects of intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg of gabapentin (C; n = 8 rats) or intrathecal injection 1 μg of α2δ-1Tat peptide or 1 μg of control peptide (D; n = 9 rats) on the tactile withdrawal threshold in RTX-treated rats. E, F, Time course of the effects of intraperitoneal injection of memantine or gabapentin (E; n = 6 mice per group) and intrathecal injection of AP-5 or α2δ-1Tat peptide (F; n = 6 mice per group) on the tactile withdrawal threshold in RTX-treated mice. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the baseline immediately before drug injection (time 0 min). Repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test.