Table 4.
Concurrent validation correlating objective metrics and corresponding GEARS metrics during SV and AA
| Objective Metrics | SVD |
AA |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r* | p Value† | r* | p Value† | |
| Depth perception: | ||||
| Task completion time | −0.5 | 0.004 | −0.4 | <0.001 |
| Instrument path length | −0.4 | 0.02 | −0.3 | 0.01 |
| Bimanual dexterity: | ||||
| Ratio of D:ND moving time | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.3 | |
| Ratio of D:ND path length | 0.3 | 0.003 | 0.4 | |
| Ratio of D:ND moving velocity | 0.3 | 0.003 | 0.5 | |
| Efficiency: | ||||
| Task completion time | −0.5 | <0.001 | −0.6 | <0.001 |
| Instrument path length | −0.5 | 0.02 | −0.5 | <0.001 |
| Dominant instrument moving velocity | 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Nondominant instrument moving velocity | 0.08 | 0.5 | <0.001 | |
| Camera path length | −0.4 | 0.001 | −0.3 | 0.01 |
| Frequency of camera movement | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.04 | |
| Frequency of master clutch | 0.7 | >0.05 | ||
| Robotics control: | ||||
| Camera path length | −0.4 | 0.01 | −0.3 | 0.03 |
| Frequency of camera movement | 0.7 | 0.2 | ||
| Frequency of master clutch | 0.4 | 0.6 | ||
| Frequency of energy application | 0.8 | |||
| Frequency of third arm | 0.1 | |||
No force sensitivity metrics currently available.
*
Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
†
p <0.05 statistically significant.