Table 2.

Baseline Supporter Roles in Patient Diabetes Care and Perceived Quality of Support

Frequency of supporter involvement (1 never–5 almost always)	Intervention, N=123 dyads mean (SD)	Control, N=116 dyads mean (SD)
Help remembering to go to   appointments	2.8(1.5)	3.1 (1.5)
Help reviewing home testing   results (n=220)*	2.5 (1.3)	2.7 (1.4)
Help remembering to perform   home testing (n=221)	2.2 (1.3)	2.6 (1.4)
Access patient’s online portal, n (%)†	20 (16.3%)	20 (17.2%)
Help deciding when to contact   healthcare providers about   concerns (n=238)	2.8 (1.4)	3.0 (1.5)
Help remembering to refill   medications	2.2 (1.3)	2.5 (1.5)
Help remembering to take   medications	2.6 (1.4)	2.9 (1.5)
Coming into room for patient’s   medical appointments (n=238)	2.3 (1.6)	2.2 (1.7)
Help with choosing healthy foods	3.3 (1.3)	3.4 (1.2)
Help navigating healthcare system   (n=238)	1.8 (1.1)	2.0 (1.3)
Help with encouragement to exercise   (n=238)	3.3 (1.3)	3.4 (1.4)
Use of secure messaging/email to contact patient’s providers, n (%)†	6 (4.8%)	5 (4.4%)
Perceived support quality
Autonomy supportive   communication (IOCQ),   scale range 0–7; higher   scores indicate greater   autonomy support	5.5 (1.0)	5.3 (1.1)
Discuss health goal-setting   (adapted PACIC subscale),   scale range 0–5; higher   scores indicate more   goal-setting	2.4 (1.0)	2.2 (1.0)
Open communication about   chronic illness (CICS),   scale range 0–20 (n=234);   higher scores indicate more   communication	16.5 (2.9)	16.0(2.8)

*n = number of patients with complete data for each measure. Patients who answered that the role was not applicable to them (e.g., they did not do home testing) or opted not to answer the question are not included

†Item ratings provided by the support person, all others provided by the patient