Table 4.

Adjusted Intervention Effect on Changes in Perceived Support Quality and Support Person Caregiving Experience from Baseline to 12 Months

Perceived support quality	Intervention effect* on change over 12 months (95% CI)	p value
Autonomy supportive communication (IOCQ) (n=221)†	0.27 (0.05, 0.49)	0.02
Discuss health goal-setting (adapted PACIC subscale) (n=221)	0.30 (0.07, 0.52)	0.01
Open communication about chronic illness (CICS) (n=221)	0.00 (− 0.58, 0.58)	0.99
Support person caregiving experience
Distress about patient diabetes (adapted PAID-5) (n=213)	0.28 (− 0.65, 1.22)	0.55
Self-efficacy for caring for patient’s diabetes (Stanford) (n=216)	− 0.02 (− 0.46, 0.42)	0.92
Caregiver strain (CSI) (n=214)	0.48 (− 0.38, 1.33)	0.27
Satisfaction with VA support for caregivers as reported by support persons (n=180)	0.93 (0.30, 1.55)	0.01

*Coefficient from intervention vs. control group predictor from linear regression models adjusted for patient age, race, baseline insulin use and baseline HbA1c, cohabitation with family supporter, and the baseline score for each respective measure

†n, number of patients with complete data included in each model

Bold entries are results where p < 0.05