Table 2. Outcome measures for the executive and motor tasks for young (n = 26) and older adults (n = 92).
| task | M | SD | min | max | skewness | kurtosis | group difference |
| AT (proportion of correct responses in antisaccade blocks) | t(116) = 7.15p < .001d = 1.59[1.10; 2.07] | ||||||
| young | 0.76 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 0.95 | -0.74 | -0.01 | |
| older | 0.53 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.31 | -0.09 | |
| NST (median RTs for correct responses for incongruent minus congruent trials) | t(116) = 3.44p > .999d = 0.76[0.31; 1.22] | ||||||
| young | 170.12 ms | 72.67 | -14.00 | 292.00 | -0.52 | -0.10 | |
| older | 88.78 ms | 113.86 | -198.00 | 340.00 | -0.26 | -0.41 | |
| SST (stop-signal RT) | t(116) = -5.66p < .001d = -1.26[-1.73; -0.79] | ||||||
| young | 222.96 ms | 26.35 | 173.00 | 279.50 | -0.11 | -0.87 | |
| older | 272.50 ms | 42.28 | 140.08 | 404.44 | -0.45 | 2.03 | |
| CAST (difference of median RTs between switch and repeat trials) | t(116) = -3.74p < .001d = -0.83[-1.28; -0.38] | ||||||
| young | 173.92 ms | 99.89 | -11.50 | 350.00 | 0.14 | -1.00 | |
| older | 348.30 ms | 231.39 | -62.50 | 1068.80 | 0.97 | 0.75 | |
| COST (difference of median RTs between switch and repeat trials) | t(116) = -1.08p = .141d = -0.24[-0.68; 0.20] | ||||||
| young | 290.89 ms | 135.81 | 65.00 | 673.00 | 0.75 | 0.39 | |
| older | 369.79 ms | 363.94 | -489.00 | 1631.33 | 1.22 | 2.09 | |
| NLT (difference of median RTs between switch and repeat trials) | t(116) = -2.18p = .016d = -0.48[-0.93; -0.04] | ||||||
| young | 306.26 ms | 239.67 | 18.00 | 1042.14 | 1.26 | 1.32 | |
| older | 416.68 ms | 225.21 | -53.50 | 1119.31 | 0.81 | 0.70 | |
| DST (total number of correct trials) | t(116) = 5.88p < .001d = 1.31[0.83; 1.78] | ||||||
| young | 15.12 | 4.67 | 5.00 | 28.00 | 0.38 | 0.66 | |
| older | 10.37 | 3.29 | 5.00 | 20.00 | 0.79 | 0.38 | |
| KTT (proportion of correctly recalled words) | t(116) = 5.73p < .001d = 1.27[0.80; 1.74] | ||||||
| young | 0.78 | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.98 | 0.39 | -0.16 | |
| older | 0.65 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.95 | -0.22 | 0.34 | |
| STT (proportion of correct responses) | t(116) = 5.35p < .001d = 1.19[0.72; 1.65] | ||||||
| young | 1.33 | 0.08 | 1.13 | 1.49 | -0.40 | 0.49 | |
| older | 1.20 | 0.12 | 0.91 | 1.40 | -0.33 | -0.53 | |
| BTT-simple (percent coverage of the target line) | t(116) = 4.58p < .001d = 1.02[0.56; 1.48] | ||||||
| young | 89.19 % | 2.40 | 82.13 | 92.10 | -1.04 | 0.60 | |
| older | 84.98 % | 4.50 | 73.14 | 91.92 | -0.76 | -0.02 | |
| BTT-complex (percent coverage of the target line) | t(116) = 8.09p < .001d = 1.80[1.30; 2.29] | ||||||
| young | 76.09 % | 4.55 | 65.76 | 84.52 | -0.28 | -0.29 | |
| older | 62.88 % | 7.95 | 45.83 | 82.51 | -0.12 | -0.33 | |
Note: Values for the neuropsychological tasks are displayed after between-subjects trimming and transformation (see Supplementary Materials). Group differences are tested one-sided, hypothesizing better performance in young as compared to older adults. Confidence intervals indicate 95% confidence intervals for d.