Table 5. Multidomain intervention.

Intervention component	Facility-based multidomain intervention	Home-based multidomain intervention
Monitoring and management of metabolic and vascular risk factors	Before the intervention, metabolic and vascular risk factors were evaluated through blood tests, alcohol and smoking habits, blood pressure, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. At baseline and at week 12, participants met a study doctor who informed them of their risk factors; medications were prescribed when necessary. Additionally, participants received educational booklets corresponding to their risk factors and a booklet regarding lifestyle guidelines to prevent dementia. They met with a study nurse every 4 weeks for anthropometric measurements and to monitor their smoking and alcohol consumption.
Cognitive training and social activity	Cognitive training was conducted, using a tablet-based application. Participants who struggled with using a tablet, were provided with workbooks. Cognitive training targets the cognitive domains of episodic memory, executive function, attention, working memory, calculation, and visuospatial function. Homework, a diary entry on a structured form, was assigned twice a week. Social activities were stimulated through numerous group meetings related to intervention components; additional social activities (e.g., theater, meeting friends, etc.) were conducted outside the facilities once a month.
	Twice a week for 50 min in a group under the supervision of a trained health professional at a facility	During the first 2 months, the participants engaged in one group cognitive training session (each lasting 50 min) under the supervision of a trained health professional at a facility and one home-based cognitive training session per week. For the remainder of the 6-month intervention, they attended one group cognitive training session at a facility every two weeks. For the weeks that included the facility-based group session, participants performed one cognitive training session at home. In the weeks that did not include the facility-based group session, participants performed two cognitive training sessions at home.
Physical exercise	The physical exercise program consisted of aerobic, balance, flexibility, muscle-strengthening, and finger-and-toe exercises; exercises were provided three times a week for 60 min. Trained exercise professionals guided the group sessions at a facility; portable tools such as elastic bands, floor plates with numbers, and chairs were utilized. Every 2 months, exercise intensity was increased, and exercise content was changed.
	Three times a week for 60 min in a group at a facility	During the first 2 months, the participants engaged in one group exercise session at a facility and two home-based exercise sessions per week. For the remainder of the 6-month intervention, they attended one group exercise session at a facility every two weeks. For the weeks that included the facility-based group exercise session, participants performed two exercise sessions at home. In the weeks that did not include the facility-based group exercise session, participants performed three exercise sessions at home. Participants exercised at home watching exercise videos on a tablet PC or following the instructions on a poster or booklet.
Nutritional guidance	The nutrition intervention was based on the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet [39]. A licensed dietitian led the 30-min individual counseling sessions and 50-min group education sessions. In individual sessions, participants were educated on personalized diets to manage individual vascular risk factors. The group sessions provided practical exercises towards facilitating dietary changes; several cooking lessons provided advice on how to make meals with the recommended ingredients. The participants were monitored through a MIND diet checklist that they wrote every 2 weeks.
	Three individual counseling sessions and seven group education sessions at a facility	Three individual counseling sessions and four group education sessions at a facility, and three home-based sessions using a workbook
Motivational enhancement	In 50-min group counseling sessions conducted by psychologists, participants’ motivation was strengthened, and they were educated regarding the importance of lifestyle changes for the prevention of dementia. In the FAMICO program, family members participated in strengthening participants’ motivation by creating cheering video messages. Encouraging pop-up video messages made by family members and self-assessment pop-up messages regarding participants’ dementia prevention activities were viewed by participants once a week before tablet-based cognitive training. Participants engaged in the workbook-type cognitive interventions received their encouraging video messages on their mobile phones; their self-assessments regarding dementia prevention activities were done on paper. Additionally, we strengthened participants’ motivation by sending dementia-related articles weekly as text messages, to their mobile phones.
	Four group education sessions at a facility and weekly self-assessment regarding participants’ dementia prevention activities	Three group education sessions at a facility, one motivational enhancement program using a workbook at home, and weekly self-assessment regarding participants’ dementia prevention activities