Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of the Questionnaires Patients and Healthy Controls Included in the Study
| Clinical questionnaires | Patients with DM type 1 | Healthy controls | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAGI-SYM | 35.6 (22.9) | 5.6 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| GCSI | 17.85 (9.27) | 3.1 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Sub-score | |||
| Bloating | 6 (4.5-7.5) | 1 (0.0-2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2 (0.0-4.0) | 0 (0.0-0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Fulness/early satiety | 9 (4.5-14.5) | 0.5 (0.0-2.0) | < 0.001 |
| CSS | 10 (4.9) | 4.4 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
DM, diabetes mellitus; PAGI-SYM, patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index; GCSI, gastroparesis cardinal symptom index; CSS, constipation scoring system.
Data are presented as mean (SD) or medians (interquartile range [IQR]).