Table 3.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis
| Immunomodulatory activity | Model | Phytocannabinoid | Synthetic cannabinoid | Outcome | Year | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | Human PBMCs FLS |
— | Ajulemic acid | ↓ IL-1, IL-6, MMPs. | 2003 | 83 |
| Mouse C57B/6 |
— | HU-320 | ↓ Production of TNF-α and ROS from macrophages. | 2004 | 88 | |
| Bovine articular chondrocytes | — | HU-210 WIN 55 |
↓ IL-1 stimulated proteoglycan and collagen degradation ↓ PGE2 production, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-kB |
2006 | 85 | |
| FLS | — | CP55,940 WIN-55 |
↓ Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8.). | 2008 | 84 | |
| C57BL/6 mouse FLS |
— | O1821 LER13 |
↓ IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3. | 2015 | 89 | |
| CIA mouse model | — | HU-308 | ↓ Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in murine peritoneal macrophages. | 2015 | 90 |
Experimental controls were done in all studies.
FLS, fibroblast-like synovial cells; HU-210, CB1/CB2 agonist; HU-320, CB1/CB2 agonist; HU-308, CB2 agonist; LER13, TRPV2 receptor agonist; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; O1821, cannabidiol analog; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WIN 55212-2 (CB1 agonist).