Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations for Demographics, Symptoms, and Visual Information Processing Domains
| CHR | Control | Total | Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Number of participants | 29 | 32 | 61 | |
| Age | 20.83 (2.39) | 19.81 (2.02) | 20.30 (2.25) | t(58) = 1.796, P = .08 |
| Biological Sex (% female) | 41% | 66% | 54% | x2 (1) = 4.21, P = .04 |
| Parent Education (years) | 16.70 (2.05) | 15.38 (3.14) | 15.98 (2.78) | t(56) = 1.88, P = .07 |
| Race and Ethnicity | ||||
| Asian/Middle Eastern | 10% | 19% | 15% | |
| African-American | 31% | 9% | 20% | |
| Central/South American | 3% | 0% | 2% | |
| White | 45% | 56% | 51% | |
| Interracial | 11% | 13% | 11% | |
| Unknown | 0% | 3% | 1% | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Positive | 12.52 (3.47) | 0.31 (0.60) | 8.18 (6.53) | t(43) = 18.44, P < .001 |
| Negative | 9.07 (5.56) | 0.81 (1.76) | 6.13 (6.06) | t(43) = 7.36, P < .001 |
| Disorganized Comm | 1.96 (1.04) | 0.19 (0.54) | 1.32 (1.23) | t(42) = 7.46, P < .001 |
| Depression | 16.96 (12.75) | 5.87 (5.26) | 11.14 (11.01) | t(57) = 4.29, P < .001 |
| Anxiety | 17.71 (14.41) | 8.52 (8.21) | 13.20 (12.56) | t(53) = 2.92, P = .006 |
| Visual Information Processing | ||||
| Visual Attention Accuracy | 112.63 (10.21) | 113.71 (11.77) | 113.18 (10.94) | t(53) = −0.37, P = .72 |
| Visual Attention Speed (ms) | 479.13 (30.58) | 477.48 (45.20) | 478.29 (38.37) | t(53) = 0.16, P = .88 |
| Working Memory Accuracy | 26.70 (2.97) | 29.07 (0.90) | 27.91 (2.47) | t(53) = −0.03, P < .001 |
| Working Memory Speed (ms) | 545.68 (113.11) | 528.91 (99.79) | 537.14 (105.88) | t(53) = 0.58, P = .56 |
Note: Parental education is the average of mother and father education in years; Positive and negative symptoms are sum scores taken from the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS); Disorganized communication (“Disorganized Comm”) is an item from the SIPS positive symptom domain; Depression and anxiety are sum scores deduced from the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively; Visual informational processing domains are extracted from the Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB); Visual Attention Accuracy is obtained from the Penn Continuous Performance Test—Letter Number Version and represents the number of true positives as the accuracy store; The median response time of true positives is represented by Visual Attention Speed; Working memory scores are taken from the CNB Letter N-Back; Working Memory Accuracy is the total number of correct responses, while working memory speed represents the median response time (speed); ms = milliseconds.