Table 1.
Association between adversities and symptoms dimensions, heterogeneity and publication bias
| Studies | Sample size | Samples | Correlation coefficient | Heterogeneity | Publication bias | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values | 95% CI | P | I 2 | P | Funnel Plot Asymmetry |
Trim & Fill imputed studies |
Trim & Fill Adjusted R coeff (95% CI) | Egger’s P |
||||
| General adversity POSITIVE |
27 | 4762 | 27 | 0.16 | 0.12; 0.20 | .000 | 39.14 | .021 | No | 0 | NA | .726 |
| Sexual abuse POSITIVE |
16 | 2588 | 16 | 0.14 | 0.08; 0.19 | .000 | 41.98 | .035 | Possible left | 2 | 0.12 (0.05; 0.18) | .224 |
| Physical abuse POSITIVE |
13 | 2260 | 13 | 0.15 | 0.09; 0.21 | .000 | 40.54 | .064 | Yes left | 2 | 0.13 (0.07; 0.19) | .21 |
| Emotional abuse POSITIVE |
11 | 1580 | 11 | 0.16 | 0.07; 0.25 | .001 | 69.93 | .000 | No | 0 | NA | .021 |
| Physical neglect POSITIVE |
10 | 1151 | 10 | 0.06 | –0.01; 0.14 | .124 | 44.00 | .065 | No | 0 | NA | .216 |
| Emotional neglect POSITIVEa |
12 | 1663 | 12 | 0.10 | 0.01; 0.18 | .021 | 66.47 | .001 | Yes left | 3 | 0.05 (–0.03; 0.13) | .007 |
| General Adversity NEGATIVE |
25 | 4562 | 25 | 0.09 | 0.05; 0.13 | .000 | 34.32 | .049 | No | 0 | NA | .460 |
| Sexual abuse NEGATIVE |
16 | 2097 | 16 | 0.04 | 0.00; 0.09 | .037 | 24.96 | .172 | No | 0 | NA | .111 |
| Physical abuse NEGATIVE |
14 | 2455 | 14 | 0.08 | 0.03; 0.14 | .002 | 43.55 | .041 | No | 0 | NA | .137 |
| Emotional abuse NEGATIVE |
12 | 1680 | 12 | 0.03 | –0.08; 0.15 | .568 | 83.91 | .000 | No | 0 | NA | .744 |
| Physical neglect NEGATIVE |
10 | 1151 | 10 | 0.13 | 0.07; 0.18 | .000 | 0 | .78 | Yes left | 2 | 0.11 (0.05; 0.16) | .545 |
| Emotional neglect NEGATIVE |
11 | 1580 | 11 | 0.13 | 0.08; 0.18 | .000 | 0 | .972 | No | 0 | NA | .694 |
| General Adversity DEPRESSION |
13 | 2750 | 13 | 0.24 | 0.15; 0.34 | .000 | 81.62 | .000 | Yes left | 5 | 0.12 (0.01; 0.23) | .150 |
| Sexual abuse DEPRESSION |
12 | 1597 | 12 | 0.21 | 0.13; 0.29 | .000 | 63.66 | .001 | Yes left | 2 | 0.17 (0.07; 0.26) | .398 |
| Physical abuse DEPRESSION |
9 | 1296 | 9 | 0.16 | 0.06; 0.25 | .001 | 63.35 | .001 | No | 0 | NA | .050 |
| Emotional abuse DEPRESSION |
8 | 1060 | 8 | 0.31 | 0.20; 0.41 | .000 | 73.33 | .000 | Yes left | 3 | 0.23 (0.11; 0.34) | .316 |
| Physical neglect DEPRESSION |
7 | 832 | 7 | 0.16 | 0.00; 0.31 | .047 | 81.24 | .000 | Yes left | 2 | 0.08 (–0.08; 0.23) | .100 |
| Emotional neglect DEPRESSION |
7 | 832 | 7 | 0.19 | 0.06; 0.32 | .004 | 72.67 | .001 | Yes left | 3 | 0.08 (–0.06; 0.22) | .068 |
| General Adversity MANIA |
11 | 652 | 11 | 0.08 | 0.01–0.15 |
.020 |
44.25 | .056 |
Possible left | 2 | 0.06 (–0.00; 0.13) | .217 |
| Sexual abuse MANIA |
5 | 763 | 5 | 0.13 | 0.00; 0.24 | .039 | 60.60 | .038 | Possible left | 1 | 0.11 (–0.00; 0.23) | .228 |
| Physical abuse MANIA |
4 | 743 | 4 | 0.07 | –0.05–0.20 | .277 | 69.10 |
.021 | Possible left | 1 | 0.03 (–0.08; 0.16) | .620 |
| Emotional abuse MANIA |
3 | 507 | 3 | 0.04 | –0.19; 0.27 | .734 | 85.80 | .001 | No | NA | NA | .296 |
| Physical neglect MANIA |
3 | 507 | 3 | 0.05 | –0.05; 0.16 | .343 | 35.60 | .211 | No | NA | NA | .888 |
| Emotional neglect MANIA |
3 | 507 | 3 | –0.00 | –0.12; 0.11 | .957 | 43.70 | .169 | No | NA | NA | .007 |
| General adversity DISORGANIZATION |
7 | 967 | 7 | 0.09 | 0.03; 0.15 | .003 | 0 | .679 | No | NA | NA | .845 |
| Sexual abuse DISORGANIZATION |
3 | 375 | 3 | 0.10 | –0.04; 0.24 | .157 | 38.52 | .197 | No | NA | NA | .428 |
afor emotional neglect in the positive dimension analysis, substantial publication bias was found (with an Egger test = 0.007) and thus results after adjustment for Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill were considered for interpretation and for Figure 1.